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All Journal International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems
Carlos Antonio Márquez-Vera
Universidad Veracruzana
Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Spiking PID Control Applied in the Van de Vusse Reaction Carlos Antonio Márquez-Vera; Zaineb Yakoub; Marco Antonio Márquez Vera; Alfian Ma'arif
International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems Vol 1, No 4 (2021)
Publisher : Association for Scientific Computing Electronics and Engineering (ASCEE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31763/ijrcs.v1i4.490

Abstract

Artificial neural networks (ANN) can approximate signals and give interesting results in pattern recognition; some works use neural networks for control applications. However, biological neurons do not generate similar signals to the obtained by ANN.  The spiking neurons are an interesting topic since they simulate the real behavior depicted by biological neurons. This paper employed a spiking neuron to compute a PID control, which is further applied to the Van de Vusse reaction. This reaction, as the inverse pendulum, is a benchmark used to work with systems that has inverse response producing the output to undershoot. One problem is how to code information that the neuron can interpret and decode the peak generated by the neuron to interpret the neuron's behavior. In this work, a spiking neuron is used to compute a PID control by coding in time the peaks generated by the neuron. The neuron has as synaptic weights the PID gains, and the peak observed in the axon is the coded control signal. The neuron adaptation tries to obtain the necessary weights to generate the peak instant necessary to control the chemical reaction. The simulation results show the possibility of using this kind of neuron for control issues and the possibility of using a spiking neural network to overcome the undershoot obtained due to the inverse response of the chemical reaction.
Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Observers Applied in Biodegradation Marco Antonio Márquez-Vera; Andrea Rodríguez-Romero; Carlos Antonio Márquez-Vera; Karla Refugio Ramos-Téllez
International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems Vol 1, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Association for Scientific Computing Electronics and Engineering (ASCEE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31763/ijrcs.v1i2.344

Abstract

There exist processes difficult to control because of the lack of inline sensors, as occurs in biotechnology engineering. Commonly the sensor is expensive, damaged, or even they do not exist.  It is important to build an observer to have an approximation of the process output to have a closed-loop control. The biotechnological processes are nonlinear, thus in this work is proposed a fuzzy observer to endure nonlinearities. To improve the results reported in the literature, type-2 fuzzy logic was used to justify the membership functions used. The observer's gains were computed via LMIs to guarantee the observer's stability.  To facilitate the fuzzy inference computation, interval type-2 fuzzy sets were implemented. The results obtained with the interval type-2 fuzzy observer were compared with a similar technique that uses a fuzzy sliding mode observer; this new approach gives better results obtaining an error 60% lower than the obtained with the other technique. They were designed three observers that work ensemble via a fuzzy relation. The best approximation was to estimate the intermediate concentration. It is important to know this variable because this sub-product was also toxic. It was concluding that by using the oxygen concentration and the liquid volume inside the reactor, the other concentrations were estimated. Finally, this result helps to design a fuzzy controller by using the estimated state. Using this approach, the estimation errors for the phenol and biomass concentrations were 49.26% and 21.27% lower than by using sliding modes.
Co-Authors Alfian Ma’arif Andrea Rodríguez-Romero Karla Refugio Ramos-Téllez Marco Antonio Márquez Vera Marco Antonio Márquez-Vera Zaineb Yakoub