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All Journal ISLAM NUSANTARA: Journal for the Study of Islamic History and Culture
Mahmoodreza Esfandiar
Islamic Azad university, tehran, Iran
Religion Arts Humanities Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences Other

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Islam Nusantara and the Challenges of Political Islam in the Contemporary World Mahmoodreza Esfandiar
ISLAM NUSANTARA:Journal for the Study of Islamic History and Culture Vol 3 No 1 (2022): Islam Nusantara Journal for the Study of Islamic History and Culture
Publisher : Faculty of Islam Nusantara University of Nahdlatul Ulama Indonesia (UNUSIA) Jakarta.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47776/islamnusantara.v3i1.147

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the most important challenges of Nusantara Islam with political Islam in the contemporary world. For this purpose, first the most important Islamic intellectual currents in Indonesia, namely traditional Islam, religious reformism and liberal Islam, are discussed. The religious reform movement in Indonesia has always been influenced by major Islamic centers in the Middle East such as Mecca, Medina and Cairo. The current of traditional Islam is in fact the heritage of Islamic culture of this region. Islam liberal is also influenced by modern Muslim thinkers such as Fadl al-Rahman. This article seeks to answer these questions of how the religious reform movement in the Malay world, especially in the pre-modern Indonesian archipelago, took shape and how the traditional movement reacted to it. Also, what are the most important features of Islamic thought and the current of religious reform and intellectualism in Indonesia? Finally, a picture of the situation of these three currents in Indonesia is drawn and the important role of Islam Nusantara in resolving the crises of the contemporary period is explained with emphasis on the thoughts of Abdul Rahman wahid.
Islam Nusantara and the Challenges of Political Islam in the Contemporary World: Emphasizing the views of Abdurrahman Wahid Mahmoodreza Esfandiar
Islam Nusantara: Journal for the Study of Islamic History and Culture Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): Islam Nusantara: Journal for the Study of Islamic History and Culture
Publisher : Faculty of Islam Nusantara, Nahdlatul Ulama University of Indonesia (Unusia) Jakarta.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47776/islamnusantara.v3i1.147

Abstract

This article examines the principal challenges faced by Islam Nusantara in its engagement with political Islam in the contemporary global context. The study aims to analyze the historical formation and intellectual characteristics of three major currents of Islamic thought in Indonesia, traditional Islam, religious reformism, and liberal Islam, and to assess their respective responses to modern political and theological contestations. Methodologically, the research employs a qualitative, historical-analytical approach, combining intellectual history with discourse analysis. It traces the transregional networks linking the Malay-Indonesian archipelago to major Middle Eastern centers such as Mecca, Medina, and Cairo, while examining the internal dynamics of pesantren-based traditionalism and reformist-modernist movements. Particular attention is given to the intellectual influence of modern Muslim thinkers, including Fazlur Rahman, and to the socio-religious thought of Abdurrahman Wahid. The findings demonstrate that Indonesian Islamic reformism emerged through sustained engagement with Middle Eastern reformist discourses, whereas traditional Islam represents a localized synthesis of Shāfiʿī jurisprudence, Ashʿarī theology, and Sufi traditions embedded in the archipelago’s socio-cultural matrix. Liberal Islam further rearticulated Islamic intellectualism in dialogue with modern hermeneutics and democratic values. The study shows that Islam Nusantara offers a mediating framework that reconciles tradition and reform, countering exclusivist strands of political Islam. The article concludes that Islam Nusantara, particularly as articulated in Wahid’s thought, provides a viable normative and cultural paradigm for pluralism, democratic coexistence, and crisis resolution in contemporary Muslim societies.  
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