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EKSTRAKSI PEKTIN DARI KULIT BUAH PISANG KEPOK (Musa paradisiaca) Farida Hanum; Martha Angelina Tarigan; Irza Menka Deviliany Kaban
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 1 No. 1 (2012): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Pectin are polymer of D-galacturonic acid connected by β-1,4 glucosidic. Pectin are widely used in pharmaceutical, food and beverage industries. This research was expected to took advantage of banana peels (Musa paradisiaca) by producing pectin. The research used an extraction method by using acid solvent in additional to ethanol to form the sediment of pectin and the last step is drying in order to get dry pectin. The fixed variables which were used in this research were 10 grams banana peels, 10% water content of sample, and chloride acid solvent. Extraction process was carried out by pH 1; 1,5; 2; extraction time of 70, 80, 90, 100 minute, and temperature of 80 oC, 90 oC. The results showed that the highest yield of pectin extraction was obtained at temperature of 80 oC, pH 1,5 during 80 minute with 11,88% water content, 0,98% ash content, and 3,72% the methoxyl content.

EKSTRAKSI PEKTIN DARI KULIT BUAH PISANG RAJA (Musa sapientum) Farida Hanum; Irza Menka Deviliany Kaban; Martha Angelina Tarigan
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 1 No. 2 (2012): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Pectin is extensively utilized by the food processors especially for conversion of low grade fruits in to good quality products like jam, jelly, marmalade, and candies. Pectin has many applications in food and pharmaceuticals products as gelling agents and stabilizers. This research aims to utilize banana peel waste (Musa sapientum) as a source of pectin. The research used a solvent extraction method using hydrochloric acid (HCl) in additional to ethanol to precipitate the pectin and the last step drying process to obtain dry pectin. The fixed variables which were used in this research were 10 grams of banana peel (Musa sapientum), 10% water content of sample, and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a solvent. The extraction process was carried out by pH 1; 1.5, 2; the time of 70, 80, 90, 100 minutes, and the temperature of 80 oC, 90 oC. The results showed that the highest yield of the extraction was obtained at 90 oC, pH 1.5 during 80 minutes with 11.93% water content of 0.79% ash content, about 600-800mg and 4, 43% methoxyl content.

PENENTUAN DISTRIBUSI UKURAN PARTIKEL TEPUNG TERIGU DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE PENGAPUNGAN BATANG (BUOYANCY WEIGHING-BAR METHOD) Rondang Tambun; Nofriko Pratama; Ely; Farida Hanum
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Particle size measurement of wheat flour is important in wheat flour industry. There are several methods have been used to measure particle size distribution (PSD) of wheat flour, such as Andreasen pipette method, sedimentation balance method, centrifugal sedimentation method. The disadvantages of these methods are that they are time consuming and require special skills. On the other hand, PSD can be analyzed using a different principle through laser diffraction/scattering methods, and coulter counter method. The laser diffraction/scattering and coulter counter methods produce highly accurate results within a shorter time, but the equipment is extremely expensive. Therefore, a simple and cost-effective new method to determine PSD is in high demand. In this study, we aim to develop a new method to measure the particle size distribution of wheat flour using a buoyancy weighing–bar method. In this method, the density change in a suspension due to particle migration (wheat flour) is measured by weighing buoyancy against a weighing–bar hung in the suspension (etanol/metanol), and the PSD is calculated using the length of the bar and the time–course change in the mass of the bar. This apparatus consists of an analytical balance with a hook for underfloor weighing, and a weighing–bar, which is used to detect the density change in suspension. The result obtained show that the PSD of wheat flour measured by the buoyancy weighing-bar method is comparable to that determined by settling balance method.

PENGARUH MASSA RAGI DAN WAKTU FERMENTASI TERHADAP BIOETANOL DARI BIJI DURIAN Farida Hanum; Nurhasmawaty Pohan; Mulia Rambe; Ratih Primadony; Mei Ulyana
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 2 No. 4 (2013): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Bioethanol is the ethanol made from plants that contains starch, sugar, and the others cellulose plants. This study uses durian seeds that contain carbohydrate and sugar as basic material and the purpose is to make bioethanol from durian seeds with the variation of yeast mass added and fermentation time. The variables used were the changes of yeast mass 3%; 6%; and 9%, fermentation pH was 4,5, and fermentation times were 0; 24; 48; 72; and 96 hours. The results of experiment were the bioethanol concentration was 18.9988% at the yeast mass 6% with 48 hour for the fermentation.

APLIKASI ELEKTROKOAGULASI DALAM PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT Farida Hanum; Rondang Tambun; M. Yusuf Ritonga; William Wardhana Kasim
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 4 No. 4 (2015): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

The production of crude palm oil (CPO) in Indonesia is keep increasing that make the amount of wastewater generated. Technology of anaerobic fixed bed (RANUT) have been developed, but the characteristic of the wastewater effluent of RANUT has not meet the quality standard that required by the goverment especially for COD. Because of that need to make a furhter research about the treatment of palm oil mill from the fixed bed reactor (RANUT) with electrocoagulation technique. Electrocoagulation is a process of coagulation by using a direct current through an electrochemical events are symptoms of electrolyte decomposition. This study aims to determine the effect of voltage on the adapter parameters on the performance of the electrocoagulation system and determine the best time for treatment of palm oil mill effluent. Type of electrode material used is aluminum, waste retention time 1 hour, 5 cm distance between the electrodes, a strong current of 5 amperes, voltage variations adapter 3, 4, and 5 volts. The results showed that the best results are obtained at a voltage of 5 volts for COD removal 81.32% with a value 233.5 mg/l at 180 minutes of processing time, it indicates that the processed waste has met quality standards for mill effluent COD is 350 mg/l. The highest turbidity removal percentage is obtained at a voltage of 5 volts and at a time of 180 minutes with the acquisition of 95.08%.

PENGARUH JARAK ANTARA ELEKTRODA PADA REAKTOR ELEKTROKOAGULASI TERHADAP PENGOLAHAN EFFLUENT LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT Edy Saputra; Farida Hanum
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 5 No. 4 (2016): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Liquid waste from palm oil mill continues to grow concurrently with the increased production of palm oil in Indonesia. Technical processing of palm oil mill effluent using anaerobic ponds are less efficient because it requires large area besides palm oil mill effluent produce greenhouse gases caused by carbon dioxide gases that are generated. Therefore we need another alternative technology such as electrocoagulation as advanced technology in processing wastewater effluent from an anaerobic column. Electrocoagulation is a wastewater treatment system that is capable of eliminating pollutants and produce hydrogen gas simultaneously as revenue to offset operating costs. This study aims to determine the effect and the best inter electrode distance to reduce pollutant parameters such as chemical oxygen demand, total solids and total suspended solids. The type of electrode material used is aluminum, the reactor dimensions 12 cm x 12 cm x 36 cm with 3 hours of operating time, voltage 10 volts, variations of inter electrode distance 0.5 cm; 1.0 cm; 1.5 cm and 2.0 cm. Samples were taken from palm oil mill PT. PP London Sumatra in Bagerpang, Tanjung Morawa. The results obtained by the percentage reduction in COD, TSS TS and the highest was 72.897% at 1.0 cm; 67.292% at 1.5 cm and 96.429% at 1.5 cm. Best distance between the electrodes was 1.5 cm.

ADSORPSI ZAT WARNA METILEN BIRU DENGAN KARBON AKTIF DARI KULIT DURIAN MENGGUNAKAN KOH DAN NaOH SEBAGAI AKTIVATOR Farida Hanum; Rikardo Jgst Gultom; Maradona Simanjuntak
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 6 No. 1 (2017): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Durian is a kind of tropical fruits which can grow well in Indonesia. Durian is containing 60-75% shell. Durian shell could be a potential alternative to activated carbon because it contains 57.42% carbon. The aim of this research is to know the effect of contact time and stirring speed to activated carbon adsorption capacity from durian shell with KOH and NaOH as activators. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) analysis showed the activation process effects on absorption intensity wavelength region and resulted in formation of C = C aromatic tape, so that the nature of the charcoal becomes more polar compared with the initial condition. Analysis using spectrophotometer UV-Vis to determine absorbance and final concentration of each variation of contact time and stirring speed. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity obtained by activation of KOH and NaOH on stirring speed of 150 rpm and a contact time of 90 minutes is equal to 3.92 mg / g and 3.8 mg / g respectively. The maximum surface area obtained by activation of KOH and NaOH during the stirring speed 130 rpm and a contact time of 120 minutes is equal to 1785.263 m2 / g and 1730.332 m2 / g respectively. The maximum surface area obtained from this research has met the standards of commercial activated carbon surface area was between 800-1800 m2/ g. Modeling pseudo second order presents a more representative adsorption data, a second order equation is based on the assumption that adsorption step is chemosorption.

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN AMMONIUM SULFAT (NH4)2SO4 DAN WAKTU PERENDAMAN BUFFER FOSFAT TERHADAP PEROLEHAN CRUDE PAPAIN DARI DAUN PEPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA, L) Mitha Alviyulita; Pinta Rizki Mala Hasibuan; Farida Hanum
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 3 No. 3 (2014): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Papaya leaves is a plant that rich in benefits. Papaya leaves contains papain enzyme which is a protease enzyme that very helpful for the industry. This study aims to determine the effect of the saturation level of ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4 and immersion time with phosphate buffer to get yield of protease from crude papaya. In this study varied immersion time with phosphate buffer is 0, 12, 24, and 36 hours and the saturation level of ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4 is 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 %. Analysis of protease activity was performed using UV spectrophotometer to measure the wavelength and absorbance values. The highest value of the protease activation (132,98% unit/ml) was obtained during 36 h of immersion time in phosphate buffer with 60% concentration of ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4. The results found on 36 h of immersion time in 90% of ammonium sulphate concentration were the highest for rendement and water content value of 37,62 and 65,70%, respectively.

PEMANFAATAN KITOSAN DARI CANGKANG RAJUNGAN (Portonus sanginolentus L.) SEBAGAI PENGAWET IKAN KEMBUNG (Rastrelliger sp) DAN IKAN LELE (Clarias Batrachus) Rika Silvia; Sari Wahyu Waryani; Farida Hanum
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 3 No. 4 (2014): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

The use of appropriate anti-microbial compounds can extend the shelf life of a product as well as ensure the safety of the product. That requires a material that is naturally anti-microbial so as not harmful to health. The use of chitosan to inhibit microbial activity on mackerel (Rastrelliger sp) and catfish (Clarias batrachus) to test it's effectiveness. In this research chitosan that used as an anti-microbial extracted from the shells of crabs (Portunus sanginolentus L.). Chitin and chitosan that were successfully extracted were characterized it's results includes moisture content testing, ash content, and degrees of deacetylation. Characterized chitosan, were used as an anti-microbial mackerel (Rastrelliger sp) and catfish (Clarias batrachus). Chitosan was dissolved in 1% acetic acid with varying concentrations of chitosan as 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%. The storage time of fish: 0 hours, 10 hours, 15 hours, 20 hours, and 25 hours. The results of research chitosan form as granules / powder, 5% moisture content, ash content 2% and the degree of deacetylation which amounted to 61,08%. Chitosan solution test results on fish showed that fish preservation by soaking with chitosan addition of 1.5% was the best variable and could extend the shelf life of fish more than 5 hours while fish preservation by spraying gave the best variable with addition of chitosan 2.5% and could extend the shelf life of fish less than 5 hours.

PEMANFAATAN KITOSAN DARI CANGKANG BEKICOT (Achatina fulica) SEBAGAI PENGAWET IKAN KEMBUNG (Rastrelliger sp) DAN IKAN LELE (Clarias batrachus) Sari Wahyu Waryani; Rika Silvia; Farida Hanum
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 3 No. 4 (2014): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

The efforts that should be made to maintain the quality of fish is by using antimicrobial compounds, one of which is chitosan. In this research, characterization of chitosan from shell snail (Achatina fulica) has a water content of 5.07%, ash content of 1.8% and the degree of deacetylation (DD) 75.13%. The use of chitosan in this study was to determine the optimal conditions on chitosan concentration and storage time of mackerel (Rastrelliger sp) and catfish (Clarias batrachus) from the microbiological and organoleptic aspects. This research used a variation of the concentration of chitosan was 1%, 1.5%, 2% and 2.5% dissolved in 1% acetic acid. Observations were do with variation the storage time 10 hours, 15 hours, 20 hours and 25 hours and the provision of chitosan solution by soaking and spraying with the observation parameters Total Volatile Base (TVB), organoleptic and pH of fish. Based on the analysis, the results showed that the maximum concentration of chitosan on mackerel (Rastrelliger sp) and catfish (Clarias batrachus) is 1,5% and treatment by means of immersion is the best treatment. The use of chitosan solution on mackerel (Rastrelliger sp) survived 20 hours while catfish (Clarias batrachus) survived 15 hours.

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