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Ibadah Haji: Ziarah ke Tanah Suci Makkah dalam Perspektif Insider dan Outsider M. Amin Abdullah
Jurnal Sosiologi Agama Vol 16, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Program Studi Sosiologi Agama Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/jsa.2022.161-01

Abstract

Dalam agama Islam ada lima pilar rukun atau pilar utama, salah satunya adalah ibadah haji di Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Ibadah ritual haji (pilgrimage) telah dilakukan sebelum kerasulan Muhammad, kemudian diteruskan oleh nabi Muhammad saw yang selama hidupnya hanya sekali menjalankan ibadah haji, yaitu pada tahun ke-10 Hijriyyah/632 M. Dari saat itu hingga sekarang, ibadah haji terus dilakukan umat Islam tanpa putus. Pada tahun 2021, di era pandemi Covid-19, pemerintah Saudi Arabia hanya membolehkan 30.000 jamaah haji, sebelumnya tahun 2020 hanya 6.000, umumnya dari dalam negeri atau orang asing yang telah tinggal di Saudi Arabia. Setiap tahun  tidak kurang dari 2 juta jamaah haji dari dari seluruh penjuru dunia hadir secara fisik di Makkah untuk menjalankan ibadah haji. Karena pembatasan kuota haji yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah Saudi Arabia, Indonesia hanya dapat memberangkatkan setiap tahun kurang lebih 200.000 jamaah haji. Muslim Indonesia yang ingin beribadah haji harus rela antri menunggu giliran berangkat ke Saudi Arabia sampai 30 tahun ke depan. Tidak berlebihan jika dikatakan bahwa ibadah haji adalah ritual keagamaan yang paling fenomenal di dunia modern saat sekarang ini. Penganut agama-agama lain juga memiliki sistem ibadah ‘pilgrimage’ seperti itu namun jumlah umat yang berkumpul di satu tempat dan di satu waktu tidak sebanyak ibadah haji. Tulisan ini akan mendeskripsikan bagaimana ibadah haji dilakukan, makna dan tujuan ibadah haji, diawali dari pengalaman pribadi (insider) dan diakhiri dengan tinjauan outsider, antropologi budaya dan agama yang secara imaginatif mengantarkan pemahaman keagamaan yang toleran dan inklusif dalam hubungan sosial antar umat beragama.
Epistemologi Keilmuan Kalam dan Fikih dalam Merespon Perubahan di Era Negara-Bangsa dan Globalisasi (Pemikiran Filsafat Keilmuan Agama Islam Jasser Auda) M. Amin Abdullah
Media Syari'ah Vol 14, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Sharia and Law Faculty

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/jms.v14i2.1871

Abstract

Clumps of Islamic scholarship include, among others, Kalam, Tafsir, Hadith, Fiqh, Philosophy, Mysticism. Also can be added Ulum al-Qur’an, Ulum al-Hadith, Arabic with it various branches. In terms of “Kalam”, often more popularly called Aqeedah, Fiqh is called Shariah and Sufism called Akhlaq. Thus, the Islamic religious sciences trilogy as found in Islamic religious education in schools covering Aqidah - actually a discussion on Kalam/ theology, Worship-represented by Fiqh or Shariah-and Akhlaq-whose roots are Tasawwuf. Internal relationships between all disciplines of Islamic sciences are often interrelated, because they are actually could not be segregated and separated. This kind of Islamic sciences relationship are not alike with the relationship between Mathematics, Sociology and Law where their discussions can really be separated, meanwhile the relationships among Islamic sciences indeed interrelated to one another. In such approach, then when the paper titled ‘Kalam’, in fact it discusses very indirectly related to the discussion of Fiqh / Shari‘ah, Philosophy and Mysticism. When mentioned “Kalam” here means a way of life or view of religious Islamic World, which includes a variety of many disciplines in Islamic sciences. This paper is going to discuss Jasser Auda’s idea to answer the questions: whether the world view of Islam colored Religiously static (ghairu qabilin li al-niqash wa al-taghyir) or vice versa, the Islamic religious world view actual dynamic (qabilun li al-niqash wa al-taghyir) so that the concepts, understanding and interpretation of the old and new can be moved on a dialogue and discussion without unnecessary tension because of the history of human development and history of Muslims continues and always on the move and change according to the motion of the universe, as in fact the planet is spinning move as the movement and rotation of the other planets. In this paper, “Kalam” will be seen in the context of historical changes in human experience, from the traditional era, then how in the modern and postmodern as well as contemporary Muslim intellectuals, as Jasser Auda react it and how about the form or format Kalam world view in a nation-state era and in the global era like nowadays. What are the implications and consequences on education, propaganda, social- community relations, politics and so on.