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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Mohamad Faizal Abd Rahman
Universiti Teknologi MARA

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Artificial neural network modeling for predicting the quality of water in the Sabak Bernam River Faqihah Affandi; Mohamad Faizal Abd Rahman; Adi Izhar Che Ani; Mohd Suhaimi Sulaiman
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 26, No 3: June 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v26.i3.pp1616-1623

Abstract

Water quality prediction is aided by environmental monitoring, ecological sustainability, and aquaculture. Traditional prediction approaches capture the nonlinearity and non-stationarity of water quality well. Due to their rapid progress, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have become a hotspot in water quality prediction in recent years. ANNs are utilised in this study to predict water quality using soft computing techniques. The feedforward network and the standard back-propagation method of Levenberg-Marquardt and scaled conjugate gradient learning algorithm were employed in this research. One hidden layer has been recommended for the modelling, with the number of hidden neurons set at 3, 24, and 49. For this analysis, six different testing percentages were used, and the output data can be categorised as '0' for clean water and '1' for polluted water. From the results, it can be shown that the most optimised model was from the model of trainlm with a testing percentage of 18% and with 3 number of neurons. This most optimised model obtains an accuracy of 91.7%, the best validation performance of 0.073346 with 24 epochs, and having a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve that is closer to the true positive rate compared to other samples.
Optical absorbance of RGB LEDs in pH measurement of colorimetric solution with phenol red reagent Mohd Rumaizan Maidan Dali; Aiman Shahmi Azam; Mohamad Faizal Abd Rahman; Khairul Azman Ahmad; Nor Azlan Othman; Mohd Hanapiah Abdullah; Ahmad Fairuz Omar
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 27, No 3: September 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v27.i3.pp1330-1337

Abstract

The use of red, green, and blue ( RGB ) light-emitting-diode ( LED ) is a new trend in monochromatic colorimetric sensing due to cost-effective implementation. However, the application of RGB LED in pH measurement depends on the performance of the LED colour towards the colorimetric solution of interest, hence, needs to be evaluated. This work evaluated the performance of RGB LED for pH measurement system based on colorimetric approach using phenol red as a reagent. The main objective was to identify the LED colour with the best performance in terms of signal response and a bsorbance behavior. In this work, LED and photodiode were used as optical components and NI USB DAQ with LabView as the processing software. Four samples with known pH values were prepared and tested to obtain the voltage and absorbance behavior of each LED colour. Among all, the blue LED with wavelength ranged between 450 - 495 nm showed the best sensing behavior based on its linearity and error. Both voltage response and absorbance produced linear correlation with R 2=0.883 and R 2=0.9803, respectively. The significant finding from this study is useful in selecting the best RGB LED that is suitable for colorimetric pH measurement with phenol red as its colorimetric reagent.
Co-Authors Adi Izhar Che Ani Ahmad Fairuz Omar Aiman Shahmi Azam Faqihah Affandi Khairul Azman Ahmad Mohd Hanapiah Abdullah Mohd Rumaizan Maidan Dali Mohd Suhaimi Sulaiman Nor Azlan Othman