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All Journal Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Leges Privatae
Anita Sabara Sutphin
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Religion Arts Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Legal Review of Immigration Authorities and Handling of Foreign Workers in Indonesia, a Comparison to Immigration Provisions in the United States Anita Sabara Sutphin
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 5, No 2 (2022): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute May
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v5i2.5358

Abstract

Experts in certain fields are very much needed by Indonesia during the development period. currently being activated, triggering national private companies to bring in foreign workers with certain skills. Their presence is a necessity because Indonesia still needs foreign experts in developing human resources in various economic sectors in Indonesia. In contrast to the United States where all companies in the United States are required to ensure that all employees can work legally. If a person is not a citizen or legal permanent resident in the United States, then they will need a valid work permit known as an Employment Authorization Document to prove eligibility to work in the United States. The focus of the problems studied in this study, namely how is the legal review of immigration authority in handling foreign workers in Indonesia and the United States? and how does the legal authority compare to foreign workers in Indonesia and the United States? The research method used in this study is a comparative qualitative method with a qualitative approach and data analysis used by researchers using qualitative analysis. In practice, law and policy regarding foreign workers, Indonesia has several regulations regarding foreign workers which are frequently updated, until now foreign workers are based on Presidential Regulation No. 34 of 2021 concerning Foreign Workers which is a derivative of the Job Creation Act. Unlike the case with the United States which tends to add federal laws rather than updating the rules regarding applicable Foreign Workers.
The Role of Collective Management Organizations in Providing Legal Protection to Creators of Musical Works and Songs Anita Sabara Sutphin; Dhaniswara K. Harjono; John Pieris; Hulman Panjaitan
Leges Privatae Vol. 2 No. 6 (2026): APRIL - JOY
Publisher : PT. Anagata Sembagi Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62872/c9kk8680

Abstract

The rapid development of the music industry, driven by digital technology, has significantly transformed the creation, distribution, and consumption of musical works, while simultaneously increasing challenges related to copyright protection. In this context, collective management organizations (CMOs) play a strategic role as intermediaries in managing creators’ economic rights, particularly in licensing, royalty collection, and distribution. This study aims to examine the role of CMOs in providing legal protection for creators of musical works and songs, as well as to analyze the challenges affecting their effectiveness. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive design, combining normative legal analysis with a limited empirical perspective. Data were collected through library research using primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, and analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method to identify patterns, relationships, and key issues related to the functioning of CMOs. The findings indicate that CMOs are essential in simplifying the management of economic rights and ensuring more structured and efficient royalty systems. However, their effectiveness is influenced by several factors, including low public awareness of copyright obligations, weak law enforcement, and gaps between regulatory frameworks and practical implementation. Additionally, internal challenges such as limited transparency, accountability issues, and varying levels of institutional capacity affect creators’ trust in these organizations. The study also highlights that digital technological advancements require CMOs to adapt through the adoption of data-driven systems to improve monitoring and royalty distribution. In conclusion, while CMOs hold a crucial position in strengthening legal protection for creators, their optimal performance depends on the synergy between effective governance, technological adaptation, strengthened law enforcement, and increased public awareness. Enhancing these aspects is essential to establish a fair, transparent, and sustainable copyright protection system that supports the growth of the music industry.
Co-Authors Dhaniswara K. Harjono Hulman Panjaitan John Pieris