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Dialetic Between Islamic Law and Adat Law in the Nusantara: A Reinterpretation of the Terengganu Inscription in the 14th Century Yakin, Ayang Utriza
Heritage of Nusantara: International Journal of Religious Literature and Heritage Vol 3, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Center for Research and Development of Religious Literature and Heritage

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

This article discusses the inscription found in Terengganu, which originated in the early XIV Century. The inscription documents the laws implemented by the rulers of the time. These texts reveal that the laws of this time came from two sources: Islamic law and customary (adat) law. In other words, the inscription indicates that legal pluralism was already in existence by the 14th Century. Adat law was the principle legal system in place, playing an important role in the archipelagic society at the time. However, there was an alternative system of Islamic law (e.g. stoning as a punishment for adultery) in place for lower social classes. This finding suggests that Islamic law was already in existence in the early 14th centuryâmuch earlier than the prevailing understanding of the history of Islamic law suggests. The article contributes by providing the new transliteration from Jawi into Latin characters and the new translation from old-Malay into modern English, which are arguably more accurate than the previous work.

Islamisasi dan Syariatisasi Samudera-Pasai Abad ke-14 Masehi Yakin, Ayang Utriza
ISLAMICA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman Vol 9, No 2 (2015): Islamica
Publisher : Program Pascasarjana UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

This article discusses the process of Islamization and shariahization in Samudera Pasai. Pasai was the first region to be islamized by those who spread Islam from Arabian peninsula. From this region Islam spread throughout Nusantara. Pasai played an important role in Islamizing Nusantara. Based on local and foreign sources as well as the historiography of Pasai, this article tries to elaborate the process of Islamization of Samudera Pasai comprehensively. In terms of shariahization, it is meant as an endeavor to implement Islamic law which was initially identical with Islamization. Based on Ibn BatÃ»tah, a Moroccon traveller, who visited Pasai, it is apparent that some aspects of Islamic law had been implemented and constituted as an integral part of societal and political life in this Muslim kingdom. This article shows that Islamic law had been practiced from the beginning as it went hand in hand with the process of Islamization.

FATWA KH. AHMAD RIFAI KALISALAK TENTANG OPIUM DAN ROKOK DI JAWA ABAD XIX FATWA OF KH. AHMAD RIFAI KALISALAK ON OPIUM AND SMOKING IN THE 19th CENTURY JAVA Yakin, Ayang Utriza
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 18, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Abstract The paper explores the admonition and advice (read: legal opinion) of Ahmad Rifai on opium and smoking in a manuscript entitled Bahs al-‘Iftâ’ (Discussion of Fatwa). The discussion will be limited to this fatwa for several reasons. First, the fatwa is the most interesting issue compared to the other themes and topics found in the manuscript. Most of themes and topics pertain merely to the ritual issues and to advice about the ways things should be done, for example, how to conduct a pilgrimage, prayer, and fasting, on the one hand, and to the tasawuf issues, such as taubat, tawakkal, mujâhadah, and riyâ’, on the other hand. Second, the fatwa is more comprehensive, even though short, thus enabling a deeper investigation of the selected fatwa. The article will use the philology, history, and legal methods. First, it will provide the transliteration from Pegon into Latin character and translation from Javanese into Indonesian as a philological work. Then, the author will analyze the writing using a historical approach to place the text in its contexts, and to provide a historical background for the fatwa. Eventually, the author will discuss the fatwa from a legal perspective. The paper seeks to answer the questions: What is the legal opinion of Ahmad Rifai on opium and smoking? What circumstances drove him to issue such legal opinion? What are the distinctions of his fatwa that differ from other ulama? Which and what methods did Rifai use in issuing the above mentioned fatwa? The main contribution of this article is first to provide the original text of KH. Ahmad Rifai Kalisalak on smoking and opium. Second, the article reveals that he was the only ulama concerned with the issue of smoking and opium in the 19th Century Java. Keywords: Ahmad Rifai, Bahsul Ifta, Marriage, Opium, Smoking, Ambon, Java Abstrak Tulisan ini membahas fatwa Ahmad Rifai tentang Opium dan Rokok di dalam naskah yang berjudul Bahs al-‘Iftâ’ (Pembahasan tentang Fatwa). Diskusi di dalam artikel ini hanya dibatasi pada fatwa tersebut untuk beberapa alasan. Pertama, fatwa ini adalah fatwa yang paling menarik dibandingkan dengan masalah-masalah yang ditemukan di dalam naskah. Hampir semua tema dan topik hanya terkait dengan soal-soal ibadah dan nasehat mengenai bagaimana sesuatu harus dilakukan. Contohnya, bagaimana melaksanakan ibadah haji, salat, dan puasa di satu sisi, dan terkait dengan soal-soal tasawuf, seperti taubat, tawakal, mujahadah, dan riya di sisi lain. Kedua, fatwa ini adalah fatwa terlengkap, walaupun hanya pendek, dan karenanya memungkinkan untuk menganalisis fatwa yang dipilih itu lebih dalam. Penulis menggunakan pendekatan Filologi, Sejarah, dan Hukum. Mulanya, ia akan menyediakan alih aksara dari aksara Pegon ke aksara Latin dan alih bahasa dari bahasa Jawa ke dalam bahasa Indonesia sebagai kerja filologis. Kemudian, penulis akan menganalisis fatwa dengan menggunakan pendekatan sejarah guna meletakkan teks dalam konteksnya dan memberikan latar belakang sejarah untuk fatwa tersebut. Akhirnya, penulis akan membicarakan fatwa itu dari pandangan hukum. Makalah ini akan mencari jawaban untuk pertanyaan-pertanyaan: apa fatwa Ahmad Rifai tentang Opium dan Rokok? Keadaan apa yang mendorong Rifai mengeluarkan fatwa demikian? Apa yang membedakan fatwanya dan fatwa ulama lain? Metode apa dan yang mana yang digunakan Rifai untuk mengeluarkan fatwa tersebut di atas? Sumbangsih utama dari tulisan ini adalah, pertama, menyediakan teks asli KH. Ahmad Rifai Kalisalak tentang rokok dan opium, dan, kedua, tulisan ini mengungkapkan bahwa Rifai adalah satu-satunya ulama yang perhatian pada masalah rokok dan opium pada abad ke-19 di Jawa. Kata kunci: Ahmad Rifai, Bahsul Ifta, Pernikahan, Opium, Rokok, Ambon, Jawa

DIALETIC BETWEEN ISLAMIC LAW AND ADAT LAW IN THE NUSANTARA: A REINTERPRETATION OF THE TERENGGANU INSCRIPTION IN THE 14TH CENTURY Yakin, Ayang Utriza
Heritage of Nusantara: International Journal of Religious Literature and Heritage Vol 3, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Center for Research and Development of Religious Literature and Heritage

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31291/hn.v3i2.14

This article discusses the inscription found in Terengganu, which originated in the early XIV Century. The inscription documents the laws implemented by the rulers of the time. These texts reveal that the laws of this time came from two sources: Islamic law and customary (adat) law. In other words, the inscription indicates that legal pluralism was already in existence by the 14th Century. Adat law was the principle legal system in place, playing an important role in the archipelagic society at the time. However, there was an alternative system of Islamic law (e.g. stoning as a punishment for adultery) in place for lower social classes. This finding suggests that Islamic law was already in existence in the early 14th century?much earlier than the prevailing understanding of the history of Islamic law suggests. The article contributes by providing the new transliteration from Jawi into Latin characters and the new translation from old-Malay into modern English, which are arguably more accurate than the previous work.

Al-MuwÄjahah bayn al-â€˜Urf wa al-SharÄ«â€™ah al-IslÄmÄ«yah fÄ« IndÅ«nÄ«sÄ«yÄ: Nadrah TÄrÄ«khÄ«yah fÄ« al-QÄnÅ«n al-JanÄâ€™i fÄ« Asia fÄ« al-Fatrah 1516-1688 Yakin, Ayang Utriza
Studia Islamika Vol 14, No 3 (2007): Studia Islamika
Publisher : Center for Study of Islam and Society (PPIM) Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Following the demise of the New order Regime in 1998, a period to become known as reformasi (reformation), the demand for the implementation of Islamic shari'ah became louder. Helped by the Regional Autonomy Laws of 1999, a number of regions in Indonesia demanded Islamic law to be implemented. Aceh was most adamant in its demand. At present, the implementation of Islamic shari'ah in Aceh has been provided with a legal basis by Law No. 44, 1999 and Law 18, 2001 on special Autonomy and the implementation of lslamic shari'ah in Aceh. The Regional Government of Nangroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) has also issued a number of practical Regional Bylaras (Qanun) including the prohibition on drinking alcoholic beverages (khamar), regulated in Qanun No. 12/2003, the prohibition on gambling (maisir) in Qanun No. 13/2003, and the disallowance of illicit sex (khalwat) in Qanun No. 14/2003.DOI:Â 10.15408/sdi.v14i3.548

Dialetic Between Islamic Law and Adat Law in the Nusantara: A Reinterpretation of the Terengganu Inscription in the 14th Century Yakin, Ayang Utriza
Heritage of Nusantara: International Journal of Religious Literature and Heritage Vol. 3 No. 2 (2014): HERITAGE OF NUSANTARA
Publisher : Center for Research and Development of Religious Literature and Heritage

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31291/hn.v3i2.14

This article discusses the inscription found in Terengganu, which originated in the early XIV Century. The inscription documents the laws implemented by the rulers of the time. These texts reveal that the laws of this time came from two sources: Islamic law and customary (adat) law. In other words, the inscription indicates that legal pluralism was already in existence by the 14th Century. Adat law was the principle legal system in place, playing an important role in the archipelagic society at the time. However, there was an alternative system of Islamic law (e.g. stoning as a punishment for adultery) in place for lower social classes. This finding suggests that Islamic law was already in existence in the early 14th century””much earlier than the prevailing understanding of the history of Islamic law suggests. The article contributes by providing the new transliteration from Jawi into Latin characters and the new translation from old-Malay into modern English, which are arguably more accurate than the previous work.

The Transliteration and Translation of the Leiden Manuscript Cod. Or. 5626 on the Sijill of the Qadi of Banten 1754-1756 CE. Yakin, Ayang Utriza
Heritage of Nusantara: International Journal of Religious Literature and Heritage Vol. 5 No. 1 (2016): HERITAGE OF NUSANTARA
Publisher : Center for Research and Development of Religious Literature and Heritage

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31291/hn.v5i1.188

The article provides the critical edition of the Leiden Manuscript Cod. Or. 5626. It gives the transliteration from the pegon (Javanese in modified-Arabic letters) into the Latin letter and the translation from Javanese into English. The publication of this edition is intended to reach a wider reader, especially to the philologist and scholars in Islamic law, in order to have an access to the original text. It should serve a precious source for those who are interested in Islamic legal history. This is the oldest and the first register of qadi ever known from Southeast Asia. The paper contributes tremendously to the field of Islamic law and Southeast Asian studies.

Al-Muwājahah bayn al-‘Urf wa al-Sharī’ah al-Islāmīyah fī Indūnīsīyā: Nadrah Tārīkhīyah fī al-Qānūn al-Janā’i fī Asia fī al-Fatrah 1516-1688 Yakin, Ayang Utriza
Studia Islamika Vol. 14 No. 3 (2007): Studia Islamika
Publisher : Center for Study of Islam and Society (PPIM) Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v14i3.548

Following the demise of the New order Regime in 1998, a period to become known as reformasi (reformation), the demand for the implementation of Islamic shari'ah became louder. Helped by the Regional Autonomy Laws of 1999, a number of regions in Indonesia demanded Islamic law to be implemented. Aceh was most adamant in its demand. At present, the implementation of Islamic shari'ah in Aceh has been provided with a legal basis by Law No. 44, 1999 and Law 18, 2001 on special Autonomy and the implementation of lslamic shari'ah in Aceh. The Regional Government of Nangroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) has also issued a number of practical Regional Bylaras (Qanun) including the prohibition on drinking alcoholic beverages (khamar), regulated in Qanun No. 12/2003, the prohibition on gambling (maisir) in Qanun No. 13/2003, and the disallowance of illicit sex (khalwat) in Qanun No. 14/2003.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v14i3.548

Ḥuqūq al-insān wa al-dīmūqrātīyah wa dawr al-mujtama‘ al-madanī bi Indūnīsīyā Yakin, Ayang Utriza
Studia Islamika Vol. 21 No. 2 (2014): Studia Islamika
Publisher : Center for Study of Islam and Society (PPIM) Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v21i2.1042

This article discusses the issue of human rights and its relation to democracy. The paper attempts to elaborate on the concepts and principles of democracy that are an absolute prerequisite for the respect of human rights in Indonesia. Without there being an established democracy in the country, then, certainly, respect for and enforcement of human rights would never have materialized. The article will also explain the democratization movement in Indonesia and the role of civil society, including actors such as non-government organizations (NGOs), the mass media/press and religious organizations, in the enforcement of human rights and democracy. This paper hopes to provide a thorough contribution to the understanding and recognition of democratic principles and of democracy, itself, in making available space for the respect of and enforcement of human rights, including through the role of civil society.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v21i2.1042

The Register of the Qadi Court “Kiyahi Pĕqih Najmuddin” of the Sultanate of Banten, 1754-1756 CE. Yakin, Ayang Utriza
Studia Islamika Vol. 22 No. 3 (2015): Studia Islamika
Publisher : Center for Study of Islam and Society (PPIM) Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v22i3.2354

The present study focuses on manuscript LOr 5626 from the archives of the Qadi of the Sultanate of Bantěn (1527-1813), in Indonesia. This codex is preserved in the Leiden University library, which acquired it from C. Snouck Hurgronje. It consists of the ‘legal cases’ brought before the Kiyahi Pěqih Najmuddin, the Islamic judge in Bantěn, by the inhabitants. The register, which covers the period from 1754 to 1756, is the oldest ‘sijill’ (court record) in Southeast Asia, and it contains cases on marriage, divorce, inheritance, litigation, private transactions, loans, debts, and violence. The manuscript demonstrates the judicial practice exercised by the qadi of Banten and reveals important findings on the relationship between Islamic legal theory and practice This essay hopefully will contribute to Islamic legal history in general both by providing textual evidence that the qadi record (sijill) existed in Southeast Asia during the eighteenth century and by presenting its contents.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v22i3.2354

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