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All Journal Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Global Political Studies Journal
Wim Tohari Daniealdi
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Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Memahami Dunia, Merawat Indonesia: Memahami Level Analisis Geo-Politik Dunia Wim Tohari Daniealdi
Global Political Studies Journal Vol 3 No 2 (2019): Global Political Studies Journal
Publisher : Universitas Komputer Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34010/gpsjournal.v3i2.2621

Abstract

This study is aimed to analyze Indonesia’s foreign policy changes toward Iranian nuclear issue in The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) from 2007 to 2008. The Iranian nuclear issue became international focus when UNSC in 2006 decided the future of Iranian nuclear program. Nuclear proliferation’s threat was debated in UNSC due to a new nuclear program launched by Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad to build nuclear arsenal as soon as possible. As a non-permanent member of UNSC, Indonesia should participate in any decision within two years whether to support, abstain or to reject any resolutions decided. The research used qualitative method with a case study type. Data was collected based on qualitative method through literature study and interviews in order to gain understanding why the changes occurred in Indonesia’s foreign policy with domestic and international factors as consideration. The research concluded that Indonesia’s foreign police changes was on international pressure to support new sanction on Iranian nuclear program in 2007. Indonesia’s policy was criticized in domestic. After domestic pressure, Indonesia finally took abstain policy in a new resolution on Iran nuclear in UNSC on March 2008. In other words the Indonesian foreign policy changes can be classified in adjustment changes to appease domestic pressure and in the same time to avoid confrontation with major powers interests.
International Law and Cyber Technology: Challenges of Global Regulation in the Digital Diplomacy Era Triwahyuni, Dewi; Wim Tohari Daniealdi; Iwan Ridwan Zaelani
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 24 No. 1 (2025): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v24i2.6332

Abstract

The rapid development of information technology has driven a major transformation in international relations, particularly through digital diplomacy. On the other hand, this progress has also posed serious challenges to international law, which has yet to fully regulate cross-border cyber activities. This study aims to examine the main challenges faced by international law in responding to the dynamics of global cyberspace, as well as to evaluate the role of digital diplomacy in shaping fair and inclusive cyber regulations. The research employs a qualitative method using a literature review approach, analyzing scholarly sources, policy reports, and official international documents. The findings reveal a significant legal vacuum in addressing cyberattack attribution, state responsibility, and the protection of human rights in the digital space. Current cyber diplomacy efforts remain hindered by ideological differences between major powers and developing countries, as well as by the dominance of non-state actors such as global technology companies. The conclusion of this study highlights the urgency of establishing a responsive, multistakeholder international legal framework that ensures global digital justice. Without collective efforts and international compromise, cyberspace risks becoming a battlefield of conflict without clear legal boundaries.
Co-Authors Triwahyuni, Dewi zaelani, iwan ridwan