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All Journal Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan
Laode Rijai
Research and Development of Pharmaceutical Laboratory of FARMAKA TROPIS Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur, INDONESIA
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology

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Review of Chemical Characteristics of Antioxidant Compounds and Biological Activities that have the Potential for Pharmaceuticals Laode Rijai
Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry Vol. 4 No. 5 (2019): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia, 75117, Gedung Administrasi Fakultas Farmasi Jl. Penajam, Kampus UNMUL Gunung Kelua, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jtpc.v4i5.212

Abstract

Chemical characteristics of a compound to be an antioxidant compound are more reactive than the compounds making up cells and tissues as well as metabolic component compounds, to radical compounds in the mammalian metabolic system. A highly reactive compound is (1) has one or more unpaired electrons in the form of radical electrons or compounds that lose or excess electrons form ionic (2) have many paired electrons (3) the distance between groups or atoms that have radical electrons very close or distance between same ion in a compound or the distance between groups or atoms which have electron pairs very close in term chemical bond or in space or conformation (4) and compounds that contain a lot of oxygen atoms. Therefore, a group of potential compounds that have strong antioxidant activity is phenolic, especially polyphenols because they have a hydroxy group or another group that has many paired electrons, located in an aromatic ring very close in chemical bonds, or an electron pair between aromatic rings in a very close compound based on space. Furthermore, highly reactive compounds are potentially toxic because they react easily with chemical compounds making up cells and tissues, as well as metabolic component compounds; such as proteins, lipids as fats, carbohydrates, non-fat lipid compounds, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Therefore, the excess of antioxidant compounds in the metabolic system is not good, if there is no free radical in the metabolic system or excessive radical compounds. Thus, the biological activity of antioxidant compounds that must be known if an antioxidant compound will be used in the pharmaceutical field is toxicity. Toxicity information that prospects to be continued as a pharmaceutical antioxidant product is minimally sourced from preclinical testing.
Review of Phytochemicals and Its Biological Activities and Contemporary Nutraceuticals Laode Rijai
Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry Vol. 4 No. 6 (2019): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia, 75117, Gedung Administrasi Fakultas Farmasi Jl. Penajam, Kampus UNMUL Gunung Kelua, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jtpc.v4i6.216

Abstract

Nutraceutical is food for health with functions of preventive, promotive, rehabilitation, aesthetic, intelligence to curative. Nutraceuticals as food products can have a contemporary value, which is a trend or extraordinary circumstance that attracts consumers because of its function as a supplement, functional food, medical food, and genetically engineered food so that it penetrates the world market without limits. Nutraceuticals that are contemporary make it easy to achieve the goals of health care by using the "nutraceuticals" approach because the client wishes to himself with a high level of confidence in the benefits of the product for health and therefore uses it. Potential compound for nutraceuticals is secondary metabolites because it has multipotential for health, but specific to certain functions. Secondary metabolites, generally sourced from low plants and animals, because these biological groups do not have a perfect secretion system so that metabolites resulting from secondary metabolism are stored in cells and tissues properly, with several functions, among others, for defense and attractiveness of the biological. Some of the classes and compounds of plant secondary metabolites that are known to have potential for nutraceuticals are Terpenoids, Terpenoids non-Carotenoids, Polyphenolics, Phenolic Acids, Non-Flavonoid Polyphenolics, Glucosinolates, Thiosulphinates, Phytosterols, Anthraquinones, Glucosamines, Octacosanolines, Characticines, Chines) Pectin, Pigments, Tocotrienols and Tocopherols, Ubiquinon and ?-Lipoic Acid. Furthermore, some contemporary nutraceuticals are Spiruline, Broccoli, Aloe Vera Gel and Aloe Juice, Soyfoods, Omega-3- Fatty Acids, Pomegranate Juice, Walnuts, and Organic Mushroom Nutrace.
Reviuw Beberapa Bioaktivitas dan Senyawa Kimia Organisme Laut untuk Kefarmasian Laode Rijai
Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): J. Sains Kes.
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jsk.v2i1.124

Abstract

The sea as a habitat for organisms, is very characteristic and extreme compared to the terrestrial environment. This extreme environment allows the metabolic processes of living things within to become characteristic and produce a number of secondary metabolites that are characteristic for defense. Secondary metabolites are certain compounds that are only possessed by certain orgasms, and these class of compounds are very valuable for pharmaceuticals such as raw materials for medicines, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, to medical devices. A number of types of compounds with biological activity very important for pharmaceuticals originating from marine organisms are (a) Cytotoxic activities sourced from Sinularin compounds, Crassin Acetate, Cytarabine, Fludarabine, Aplysistatin, Geranylhydroquinone, Asperidol (b) Cardiovascular activities for (i) Activities for Cardiotonic namely compounds Laminin, Octopamine, Saxitoxin, Autonomium Chlorides (ii) Activities for Hypotensive namely Spongosine, Doridosine, Aaptameine, Hymenin (c) Marine Toxin, namely compounds of the group Polytoxin, such as Palytoxin; Red Tide Toxin compounds such as Tetrodotoxin, Brevetoxin in the form of Pb Tx-1 and Pb Ts-1; and Ciguatera Toxin groups, namely Ciguatoxin (d) Antimicrobial Activity such as Zonarol, Prepacifenol, Polyhalo-3-Butene-2-one; Tetrabromo-2-heptanone; 2-Cyano-4,5-dibromopyrrole, Aeroplysinin (+) and (-); Eunicin (e) Activities for Antibiotics namely Okadaic Acid, Acanthfolicin, Norhalichondrin A; and (f) Active Miscellaneous for Pharmaceuticals, namely Latrunculin A and B; Kainic Acid, Domoic Acid, Vidarabine, Aplysinopsin, Barettin, Nereistotoxin and 28-Deoxyzoanthenamine compounds.
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