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All Journal Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Cermin Dunia Kedokteran
Rudi Chandra
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Prima Indonesia, Medan, Indonesia
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Aspek Dermatologi Penuaan Kulit Periorbital Rudi Chandra
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol. 47 No. 7 (2020): Neurologi
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v47i7.603

Abstract

Periorbital merupakan salah satu area pertama yang menunjukkan tanda-tanda penuaan, meliputi kerutan, perubahan tekstur, kekeringan, perubahan volume, dan pigmentasi yang tidak merata dan tidak teratur. Hiperpigmentasi periorbital adalah lingkaran hitam bilateral atau coklat homogen setengah lingkaran atau gelap makula berpigmen coklat di regio periokuler. Kantung kelopak mata disebabkan oleh melemahnya otot orbicularis oculi. Secara klinis, pola penurunan volume periorbital dapat dikategorikan menjadi kelas I sampai III. Kerutan periorbital disebabkan faktor intrinsik (seperti penuaan, genetik, dan status hormonal) dan faktor ekstrinsik (seperti pajanan radiasi ultraviolet dan merokok). Berdasarkan kedalaman kerutan, Glogau mengusulkan klasifikasi tipe I (tidak ada kerutan), tipe II (kerutan saat bergerak), tipe III (kerutan saat istirahat), dan tipe IV (kerutan dalam) Periorbital is one of the first areas that show the signs of aging, including wrinkles, changes in texture, dryness, changes in volume, and uneven and irregular pigmentation. Periorbital hyperpigmentation is bilateral or brown homogeneous semicircular or dark brown pigmented macules in the periocular region. Eyelid sacs are caused by weakening of the orbicularis oculi muscle. Clinically, patterns of periorbital volume decrease can be categorized into 3 classes. Periorbital wrinkles are caused by intrinsic factors (such as aging, genetic, and hormonal status) and by extrinsic factors (such as exposure to ultraviolet radiation and smoking). Glogau proposed a classification based on the depth of wrinkles consisting of type I (no wrinkles), type II (wrinkles when moving), type III (wrinkles at rest), and type IV (deep wrinkles).
Tatalaksana Melanoma Maligna Kutaneus Rudi Chandra
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 48 No 7 (2021): Infeksi
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v48i7.94

Abstract

Melanoma merupakan suatu tumor maligna dari melanosit, dengan lokasi paling sering adalah kulit (95% kasus). Tatalaksana melanoma tergantung stadium saat diagnosis; dengan pembedahan masih merupakan pilihan utama. Pengobatan melanoma primer adalah bedah eksisi definitif dengan batas eksisi berdasarkan ketebalan tumor. Pada keterlibatan nodus limfatikus regional, dapat dilakukan diseksi elektif komplit. Pada rekurensi lokal dilakukan bedah reseksi komplit dengan penutupan luka primer atau eksisi lokal luas disertai skin grafting ataupun penutupan flap. Metastasis melanoma dibedakan menjadi metastasis kulit atau jauh. Tatalaksana metastasis melanoma dapat berupa terapi sistemik (targeted therapy, terapi imun, dan kemoterapi) dan/atau radiasi. Terapi adjuvan diberikan hanya untuk pasien tanpa bukti metastasis tetapi berisiko tinggi penyebaran tumor lebih lanjut. Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes, the most frequent location is in the skin (95% cases). Management of melanoma depends on the stage at diagnosis. Surgery is still the main choice of therapy. Treatment of primary melanoma is definitive excision surgery with excision limit based on the thickness of the tumor. In regional lymph node involvement, complete elective dissection can be performed. In local recurrence, complete resection is performed with primary wound closure or extensive local excision with skin grafting or flap closure. Treatment of melanoma metastasis can be divided into skin metastases or distant. Management of melanoma metastases can be systemic therapy (targeted therapy, immune therapy, and chemotherapy) and radiation. Adjuvant therapy is only given to patients without evidence of metastasis but is at high risk for further spread of the tumor.
Pilihan Pengobatan Dermatologis Penuaan Periorbital Rudi Chandra
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 47 No 10 (2020): Dermatologi
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v47i10.547

Abstract

Penuaan periorbital merupakan suatu proses tanpa henti dan tak terhindarkan seiring waktu. Meskipun tidak membahayakan fisik, kondisi ini memiliki berbagai efek psikososial dan fungsional. Tanda-tanda penuaan periorbital meliputi pembentukan kantung kelopak mata, kerutan periorbital, dan hiperpigmentasi kelopak mata. Penyebab utama serta faktor kontribusinya harus diidentifikasi dan diobati. Pilihan pengobatan antara lain agen topikal (hidrokuinon, asam kojic, asam azelaic, asam retinoat topikal), dan terapi fisik (chemical peel, terapi laser, transplantasi lemak autolog, injeksi fillers, plasma kaya platelet, dan injeksi botulinum toxins), sebagian besar telah teruji secara ilmiah. Periorbital aging is an endless and inevitable process. Although this condition does not cause physical harm, it has various psychosocial and functional effects. Signs of periorbital aging include eyelid pouch formation, periorbital wrinkles, and eyelid hyperpigmentation. The goal of treatment is to identify and treat the main causes and their contributing factors. Available treatment options are topical agents (hydroquinone, kojic acid, azelaic acid, topical retinoic acid), and physical therapy (chemical peels, laser therapy, autologous fat transplants, fillers injection, platelet rich plasma, and injection of Botulinum toxins), most have been scientifically tested.
Gambaran Klinis dan Patologi Melanoma Maligna Kutaneus Rudi Chandra
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 47 No 9 (2020): Infeksi
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v47i9.563

Abstract

Melanoma maligna (MM) merupakan keganasan sel-sel melanosit terutama di kulit. Paling sering didiagnosis pada pada wanita <40 tahun, dan pada pria >40 tahun. Predileksi MM tersering pada kulit punggung (pria) dan pada ekstremitas bawah (wanita). Secara klinis dan patologis, melanoma maligna diklasifikasikan sebagai superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma, lentigo maligna melanoma, acral lentiginous melanoma, dan varian lain yang jarang. Malignant melanoma (MM) is melanocyte cells malignancy located mainly in the skin; most often diagnosed in women <40 years, and in men >40 years. MM predilection is in the back (men) and in lower extremities (women). Clinically and pathologically, malignant melanoma is classified as superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma, lentigo maligna melanoma, acral lentiginous melanoma, and other rare variants
Teknik Diagnostik dan Staging Melanoma Maligna Kutaneus Rudi Chandra
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 47 No 8 (2020): Oftalmologi
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v47i8.579

Abstract

Melanoma maligna merupakan keganasan pada sel-sel penghasil pigmen (melanosit) yang lokasinya terutama di kulit. Tujuan setiap alat diagnostik adalah deteksi dini dan membedakan lesi jinak dan ganas, dengan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas tinggi. Diagnosis melanoma klinis dapat menggunakan Glasgow 7-point checklist, checklist ABCD, total-body photography, dan dermoskopi. Diagnosis histopatologi merupakan pemeriksaan baku emas untuk diagnosis. Diagnosis molekuler dengan menilai status mutasi BRAF V600, MEK, NRAS, dan CKIT. Sedangkan teknik staging TNM menggunakan modalitas pencitraan lanjutan dengan kontras intravena, seperti computed tomography (CT) atau fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-based positron emission tomography (PET) CT scan, dan pemeriksaan sentinel nodus lymphatic. Malignant melanoma is a malignancy in pigments producing cells (melanocytes), located mainly in the skin. The aim of each diagnostic tool is early detection and differentiating benign and malignant lesions with high sensitivity and specificity. Clinical diagnosis can use the Glasgow 7-point checklist, ABCD checklist, total-body photography, and dermoscopy. Histopathological examination is a gold standard for diagnosis. Molecular diagnosis is done by assessing the status of mutations of BRAF V600, MEK, NRAS, and CKIT. Diagnostic techniques in melanoma TNM staging system use advanced imaging modalities with intravenous contrast, such as computed tomography (CT) or fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-based positron emission tomography (PET) CT scans and examination of sentinel lymphatic lymph nodes.
Aspek Dermatologi Penuaan Kulit Periorbital Rudi Chandra
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 47 No 7 (2020): Neurologi
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v47i7.603

Abstract

Periorbital merupakan salah satu area pertama yang menunjukkan tanda-tanda penuaan, meliputi kerutan, perubahan tekstur, kekeringan, perubahan volume, dan pigmentasi yang tidak merata dan tidak teratur. Hiperpigmentasi periorbital adalah lingkaran hitam bilateral atau coklat homogen setengah lingkaran atau gelap makula berpigmen coklat di regio periokuler. Kantung kelopak mata disebabkan oleh melemahnya otot orbicularis oculi. Secara klinis, pola penurunan volume periorbital dapat dikategorikan menjadi kelas I sampai III. Kerutan periorbital disebabkan faktor intrinsik (seperti penuaan, genetik, dan status hormonal) dan faktor ekstrinsik (seperti pajanan radiasi ultraviolet dan merokok). Berdasarkan kedalaman kerutan, Glogau mengusulkan klasifikasi tipe I (tidak ada kerutan), tipe II (kerutan saat bergerak), tipe III (kerutan saat istirahat), dan tipe IV (kerutan dalam) Periorbital is one of the first areas that show the signs of aging, including wrinkles, changes in texture, dryness, changes in volume, and uneven and irregular pigmentation. Periorbital hyperpigmentation is bilateral or brown homogeneous semicircular or dark brown pigmented macules in the periocular region. Eyelid sacs are caused by weakening of the orbicularis oculi muscle. Clinically, patterns of periorbital volume decrease can be categorized into 3 classes. Periorbital wrinkles are caused by intrinsic factors (such as aging, genetic, and hormonal status) and by extrinsic factors (such as exposure to ultraviolet radiation and smoking). Glogau proposed a classification based on the depth of wrinkles consisting of type I (no wrinkles), type II (wrinkles when moving), type III (wrinkles at rest), and type IV (deep wrinkles).
Co-Authors Abdul Arif Cayadi S Antonius