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All Journal Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies Jurnal Signal Journal of Communication and Public Relations (JCPR)
Adam James Fenton
Charles Darwin University Darwin
Religion Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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Change and Continuity in Indonesian Islamist Ideology and Terrorist Strategies Fenton, Adam James
Al-Jamiah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 52, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Al-Jamiah Research Centre

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2014.521.1-24

Abstract

The “Islamisation” of Indonesia has exerted a transformative force on every aspect of Indonesian society. That process continues today. It has created streams of change and continuity in thoughts, ideologies and practices, of enormous complexity. Strict doctrinal interpretation of Koranic text is not a new phenomenon, contrary to what some reports in the mass media might suggest. Its roots stretch back at least as far as the 1800s with the outbreak of violent conflicts between those urging a stricter, scripturalist application of Islam, and those adhering to traditionalist and colonialist ideologies --culminating in the Padri war of West Sumatra of 1821-38. Indicating an ostensible continuity of ideology, modern extremist ideologues, such as Abu Bakar Bashir, urge their followers toward violent conflict and terrorist actions based on an ideology of strict “Middle Eastern” interpretation of fundamental Islamic tenets. This paper argues that the strategies of those carrying out radical and violent ideologies are undergoing change, as are the strategies of the authorities tasked with combating them. Radical groups have displayed a shift away from large-scale, attacks on symbolic foreign targets towards low-level violence primarily aimed at law enforcement authorities. Authorities, on the other hand, have shown a greater tendency to shoot dead those suspected of involvement with violent radical groups. This paper will examine the changing strategies of violent radical groups and the continuity, and evolution, of the underlying Islamic ideology that provides religious justification for their violent acts. The paper will argue that engaging Indonesia’s politically active youth in an ideological dialogue on Islamism and democracy provides the best prospect for disengagement from, and breaking the cycle of recruitment for, radical violence and terrorism.[Proses panjang Islamisasi di Indonesia telah menghasilkan kekuatan transformatif di seluruh aspek kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia. Proses ini terus berlangsung hingga sekarang serta menciptakan gelombang perubahan berkesinambungan dalam pemikiran, ideologi, dan praktik-praktik dalam kompleksitas yang rumit. Penafsiran kaku atas ayat-ayat Quran sebenarnya bukanlah sesuatu yang baru, berbeda dengan apa yang selama ini diasumsikan di media. Fenomena seperti ini dapat dirunut kembali pada era 1800an, khususnya pada konflik bersenjata yang terjadi antara penganjur penerapan tekstual ajaran Islam dengan para penganut ideologi tradisional dan penjajah, yang berpuncak pada Perang Padri di Sumatra Barat tahun 1821-38. Dengan ideologi serupa, para ideolog modern dari kelompok garis keras, seperti Abu Bakar Bashir, mendorong pengikutnya untuk melakukan aksi kekerasan dan teror dengan mendasarkan diri pada ideologi ala Timur Tengah dengan penafsiran dasar-dasar Islam secara kaku. Tulisan ini mendalilkan bahwa strategi kelompok yang mengusung ideologi radikal dan kekerasan terus mengalami perubahan seiring perubahan strategi penguasa dalam menghadapi mereka. Strategi kelompok radikal telah berubah dari penyerangan berskala besar terhadap simbol-simbol asing bergeser pada kekerasan berskala kecil terutama pada persoalan penerapan hukum. Pemerintah, di sisi lain, cenderung mengambil tindakan tegas terhadap mereka yang diduga terlibat kekerasan kelompok radikal. Tulisan ini juga melihat perubahan-perubahan dan kesinambungan strategi dari kelompok radikal serta evolusi ideologi Islam yang menjustifikasi aksi-aksi kekerasan. Kesimpulan lainnya adalah bahwa keterlibatan kalangan muda dalam kegiatan dialog mengenai Islam dan demokrasi menjadikan mereka terhindar sekaligus memutus rantai rekrutmen gerakan radikal dan terorisme.]
Public Perception on The Implementation of Tax Amnesty Program Remitasari, Adhitya; Fenton, Adam James
Journal of Communication and Public Relations Vol. 1 No. 1 (2021): Journal of Communication & Public Relations
Publisher : LSPR Institute of Communication & Business

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Abstract

Expecting fairness living, prosperous and welfare life are some expectations of the citizen. Tax revenue becomes the national backbone of the state budget to finance the state expenditures. Many obstacles can challenge the target of tax revenue collection. This critical point needs an awareness collectively from all elements of the nation to get survive with a shortfall nation budget. One of the tax solutions is tax amnesty program becomes a national agenda. Tax amnesty program is expected could reach the huge tax target in 2016. Therefore, tax amnesty will greatly assist the government efforts to improve economic conditions, develop massive infrastructures, enhance the health quality, reduce unemployment, reduce poverty, and improve inequality. Those objectives should be conducted by the well-managed communication plan to socialize the tax amnesty program. The socialization can be delivered by seminar, forum group discussion, online newspapers, social media, personal email, website, etc. The various communication channels have been implemented to deliver the message to the public effectively. Accordingly, the aim of the study is to explore the public perception of tax amnesty, to figure out the effectivity of tax amnesty implementation. Tax amnesty would be more effective to embrace the taxpayers through persuasive approaches. This approach is more desirable. Taxpayers are accompanied as partners to cultivate their tax awareness. This research assessed that many taxpayers have less known regarding the tax amnesty. Indeed, taxpayers need to understand more deeply to the Tax Amnesty Program. Thus, it would conduct tax compliance manner eventually.
Inappropriate Use of Words ‘Jihadist’ and ‘Islamist’ in Western Media’s Reports on Bombing Attacks Purwanto, Bambang; Fenton, Adam James
Journal of Communication and Public Relations Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022): Journal of Communication & Public Relations
Publisher : LSPR Institute of Communication & Business

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37535/105001220222

Abstract

A specific term in Islam’s vocabulary, ‘Jihad’, has been increasingly popular among news readers. Considering huge impacts of news reports, people may expect a lot that mass media can also create news stories that spread values of peace, but do not cultivate seeds of hatred on a certain belief, or persons in society. Not only do the editors and journalists pay attention to the speed of writing, editing and publishing many stories but also consider possible social and even political impacts of their stories on the society. The study is expected to give a significant contribution to media industries as the focus of the study is aimed to give enlightening and right explanation on words, phrases or terms that will be used by media industries in the hope their reports will no longer hurt people, especially Muslims, and/or Muslim organizations as the mass media will hopefully understand the meaning of the terms, words, and phrases which will be used in their stories about any terror incidents, and will eventually give positive impacts to certain groups of people and/or organizations.
AI AND ETHICS: MOVING TOWARDS A FUTURE WHERE AI BENEFITS – RATHER THAN DESTROYS – HUMANITY Fenton, Adam James; Monett, Dagmar
JURNAL SIGNAL Vol 11 No 2 (2023): JURNAL SIGNAL
Publisher : Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati

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Abstract

2023 may be remembered as the year that Artificial Intelligence (AI) hit the headlines for its potential to transform the economy, society, and humanity. With the launch of OpenAI’s ChatGPT, the wider public experienced first-hand what is it like to interact with an AI that shows remarkably human-like responses in one-to-one conversations. This is a technology with the potential for profound (both negative and positive) impacts on all aspects of human activity from business to politics, justice, education, arts, science, medicine, and virtually any other field of human endeavour. The challenges, as many academics, practitioners, observers, and some legislatures have realised, are in the capabilities of the underlying technology and in regulating AI and ensuring that its deployment and use are ethical, responsible, and trustworthy; that it is used for good rather than evil, to benefit humanity rather than destroy or damage it. However, given both the complexity of the technology itself and the competing vested interests of the many interested parties involved, this is a task which is much easier said than done. Indeed, some commentators have noted that the cursory nature with which ethics has been approached by some actors in the AI regulation debate has been nothing more than “ethics washing” (Metzinger, 2019a, 2019b; van Maanen, 2022) or even “ethics theatre” (Cath & Jansen, 2021). Simply articulating what is meant by “ethical AI” is a task freighted with intercultural challenges, as one may ask “whose ethics are we referring to?” Ethical systems vary through history and across cultures, making it difficult, if not impossible, to articulate a “universal” form of AI ethics. This paper examines the meta-ethical challenges of AI and its regulation and offers novel recommendations to improve discussions and outcomes around the ethics and regulation of contemporary AI. Keywords: Artificial intelligence (AI); AI ethics; AI regulation; intercultural communication and AI; explainable AI; technology; cybersecurity.
Co-Authors Bambang Purwanto Monett, Dagmar Remitasari, Adhitya