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All Journal Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Mau Teng Au
Universiti Tenaga Nasional
Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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A new methodology for technical losses estimation of radial distribution feeder Khairul Anwar Ibrahim; Mau Teng Au; Chin Kim Gan
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 16, No 3: December 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i3.pp1126-1135

Abstract

Power distribution feeders is one of the key contributors of technical losses (TL) as it is typically large in numbers and scattered over large geographic areas. Traditional approach using classical formulation or time series load flow simulations to determine TL in each and every feeder and feeder sections in all distribution network require is an expensive exercise as it requires extensive modelling of the feeders and voluminous data. This paper presents a simple analytical approach to estimate monthly TL of a radial distribution feeder using analytical approach. TL for each feeder sections are evaluated on a monthly basis based on estimation of the load profile of the load points, peak power loss characteristics and loss factor. Total feeder TL are then estimated as the sum of all TL contributed by each feeder section. The developed models and procedure have been demonstrated through case studies performed on three (3) typical and representative feeders characterized by the different area served, number of feeder sections, load distribution and feeder length. The results shows close agreement (less than 5% differences) when compared with time series load flow simulations. With this model, the approach could be extended and applied to estimate TL of any radial distribution feeders of different configurations and characteristics
Implementation of Voltage Optimization for Sustainable Energy Jian Ding Tan; Siaw Paw Koh; Mau Teng Au; Sieh Kiong Tiong; Kharudin Ali
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 12, No 1: October 2018
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i1.pp341-347

Abstract

The voltage control in the power distribution network is challenged firstly by constantly increasing in power demand and secondly by a growing number of distributed connections, which significantly changes the load flow in the network. Situation is worsening with the current heavily implemented micro-generation of Solar PV. Consequently, the uncontrollable rapid changes in the power distribution network would affect voltage instability at the feeder with wide area power demand. Voltage instability would affect the energy efficiency of the electrical equipment. Moreover, the lifespan of some equipment would be shortened due to the excessive and unstable voltage supplied. The proposed research aims to implement the low impedance voltage optimization system in solving the existing problem. The voltage optimization system had been tested on both resistive and inductive loads. The power consumption of the loads had been measured at a few discrete values of voltage optimization within the statutory region. Further tests were conducted on industrial water pump, general lightings with mixed loads, office building, restaurant and plastic injection moulding machine. The power measurements were logged and the results in term of power consumption were analysed. The results showed that the proposed optimization mechanism successfully optimize and saved 6.81%, 14.42%, 13.97%, 12.23%, and 26.23% of the power consumptions in respective tests.
An efficient method for estimating energy losses in distribution's feeder Nur Diana Izzani Masdzarif; Khairul Anwar Ibrahim; Chin Kim Gan; Mau Teng Au; Kyairul Azmi Baharin; Nurul A. Emran; Zaheera Zainal Abidin
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 12, No 4: August 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v12i4.5261

Abstract

This paper explains a simple and efficient methodology for calculating monthly energy losses (EL) using the load loss factor technique and a representative composite load profile. One of the important benefits of the proposed work is a simpler, more efficient and less rigorous method to estimate the system-wide energy loss of an extensive distribution network with reasonable accuracy. The sum of all EL provided by each feeder section is used to calculate the total feeder EL. A base case feeder with a typical cable type and power factor is used to generate regression equations, a peak power loss function to estimate the EL. A case study is then used to show the models and techniques that have been established. The result indicates a high level of agreement with the time-series load flow simulations (smaller than 10% deviations). With this model, an approach to estimate the EL of all radial feeders of various configurations and characteristics could be extended and implemented. The spreadsheet approach is ideal for completing a quick energy audit of existing distribution feeder EL and determining the sensitivity of distribution network efficiency to changes in feeder sections and load characteristics.
Power loss estimation utilizing the flexibility of peak power loss regression equations based on 11 kV base case feeder Nur Diana Izzani Masdzarif; Khairul Anwar Ibrahim; Chin Kim Gan; Mau Teng Au
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 6: December 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i6.7808

Abstract

Distribution network feeder characteristics can typically be divided into groups based on factors including length, load distribution along the feeder, peak demand, installed capacity, and load profile. By comparing the parameters to those of similar feeders with known losses, it is usually possible to predict the power losses and technical losses (TL) of the respective feeders pretty accurately. However, it is exceedingly difficult and time-consuming to estimate the losses with various variables and characteristics over such a large area. This paper proposed that through base case feeder modeling and simulation utilizing typical network and load data, feeders’ peak power loss (PPL) functions can be established as a simple and effective power loss estimation method. Hence, the least time-consuming way of using a PPL regression equation based on a base case feeder is established in this paper to estimate the losses. The flexibility of PPL is proven through the case study. In the end, the results obtained between PPL and peak power demand (PPD) are demonstrated to be precisely proportional and the method is proven as a simple power loss estimation method due to the flexibility of the PPL regression equation.
Representative power distribution network: a review of available models Nur Diana Izzani Masdzarif; Khairul Anwar Ibrahim; Chin Kim Gan; Mau Teng Au
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 6: December 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i6.7787

Abstract

In recent decades, there has been an increasing penetration of new smart grids (SG) and distributed generations (DG) that are connected to the distribution network (DN). Thus, it is critical for utilities to analyze and assess their impact on the power system networks, which often necessitates major decisions about network operation and planning. Consequently, researchers are constantly developing new and improved methods of advanced control and operation to address these challenges. Unfortunately, there are a limited number of realistic DN models that are made publicly available by the utilities for the development, testing, and evaluation of such new methods. This is mainly caused by the utilities' concerns and reluctance to reveal the public's real and “sensitive” network information. Although international standard test systems such as IEEE and CIGRE are publicly available, these test network models are customized based on the US DN and are not representative of the other networks that operate under different network settings. This paper presents a brief literature survey of existing and prominent representative DNs with a special emphasis on identifying the general description, and application, as a comparison for future development of test network in Malaysia.
Co-Authors Chin Kim Gan Jian Ding Tan Khairul Anwar Ibrahim Khairul Anwar Ibrahim Kharudin Ali Kyairul Azmi Baharin Nur Diana Izzani Masdzarif Nurul A. Emran Siaw Paw Koh Sieh Kiong Tiong Zaheera Zainal Abidin