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All Journal Historia: Jurnal Pendidik dan Peneliti Sejarah Indonesian Journal of Disability Studies
Peter Carey
Fellow Emeritus, Trinity College, Oxford, and Adjunct Professor, Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya [FIB], Universitas Indonesia
Humanities Education Social Sciences

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REVOLUTIONARY EUROPE AND THE DESTRUCTION OF JAVA’S OLD ORDER, 1808-1830 Carey, Peter
Historia: Jurnal Pendidik dan Peneliti Sejarah Vol 12, No 2 (2011): History Learning
Publisher : Prodi. Pendidikan Sejarah FPIPS UPI dan APPS (Asosiasi peneliti dan Pendidik Sejarah)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (653.438 KB) | DOI: 10.17509/historia.v12i2.12107

Abstract

At first glance, it may seem strange that Java, an island situated half a world away from France Revolutionary, should the end up being one of the key battle grounds in the global conflict which followed with the fateful Girondin decision to declare war on Austria in the spring of 1792. Yet, in the compass of less than a decade, Java’s own ancient regime that was violently overturned as in quick succession of a Franco-Dutch regime (1808-11) under Napoleon’s only non-French marshal, Herman Willem Daendels (1762-1818), and a five-year British occupation (1811-1816) under the equally dictatorial Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles (1781-1826), transformed the colony. This paved the way for the restoration of Dutch rule in 1816 under the terms of the Treaty of Vienna by which time the commercial dealings of the Company had been replaced by the beginnings of a modern colonial state, the post-January 1818 Netherlands Indies. Over the next century, this would reduce the power of the local rulers and establish Dutch authority in nearly every corner of the archipelago. The boundaries of present-day Indonesia were determined at this time.
A mischievous young rogue and a dwarf: Reflections on the role of the panakawan in the Age of Prince Diponegoro (1785-1855) Carey, Peter
Indonesian Journal of Disability Studies Vol. 1 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : The Center for Disability Studies and Services Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (24.744 KB) | DOI: 10.21776/ub.ijds.2014.01.01.09

Abstract

The late eighteenth and early nineteenth century world in which the young Prince Diponegoro (1785-1855) grew up was a deeply traditional one. In the Yogyakarta court of his grandfather, Sultan Hamengkubuwono II (reigned 1792-1810/1811-12/1826-28), and father, the third sultan (reigned 1812-1814), there were special categories of court servants (abdi-Dalem) who served the ruler and provided his close protection. These included the para Nyai (personal female retainers), in particular the elderly Nyai Keparak, who carried the ruler's betelnut (sirih) box and spittoon (Carey 2008: 366, 403); the prajurit èstri (pasukan Langenkusumo) or Amazon corps who acted as the personal bodyguards of the ruler and were renowned for their skill on horseback (Carey 2008: 76-77); the polowijo or nonok (royal dwarves, the hydrocephalic and those with other unusual physical deformities) who acted as the court jesters (hansworst) and warders against evil; and the panji or young noblemen who formed part of the ruler's intimate circle much like the bachelor knights of the European medieval courts (Carey 2008: 179-80). Amongst these intimate court servitors none were important than the panakawan. As intimate assistants of the nobility, they combined many roles: tutor, servant, bodyguard, clown, adviser, masseur, herbalist, interpreter of dreams. Their pithy wit deflated pomposity and re-connected the high-born with the world of the Javanese village. As in the wayang clown-servitor figure of the renowned senior panakawan of the Pandawa brothers Semar they might even be gods in disguise. This mix of the demotic and the divine reflects the paradox at the heart of Javanese culture the seemingly misshapen being the vehicle of ultimate wisdom: Een Gedrocht en toch de Volmaakte Mens (a monster but still a perfect man) as the title of a famous study of the Suluk Gathotloco has it (Akkeren 1951).
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