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Konsep Khiyar 'Aib Fikih Muamalah dan Relevansinya dalam Upaya Perlindungan Konsumen (Tanggung Jawab Mutlak Pelaku Usaha Akibat Produk Barang Cacat Tersembunyi) Holijah Holijah
Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam Vol 9 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Sharia Faculty of State Islamic University of Prof. K.H. Saifuddin Zuhri, Purwokerto

Masyarakat konsumen Indonesia di era globalisasi dan perdagangan bebas saat ini,mengahadapi berbagai tantangan akibat dari dampak positif dan negatif dari pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional dan dunia secara global. Kemungkinan akan adanya produk barang cacat tersembunyi dari pelaku usaha akan selalu, upaya preventif dan represif mutlak dilakukan negara untuk melindungi konsumen yang secara umum lemah dibandingkan pelaku usaha. Islam, sesungguhnya sudah memberikan solusi bagi pihak yang melakukan transaksi ekonomi, jika kemudian ada resiko yang membahayakan dan merugikan yang mana dalam fikih muamalah dikenal istilah hak khiyar, dan untuk porduk cacat dikenal dengan istilah khiyar 'aib. Hak khiyar 'aib ini dengan prinsip tanggung jawab mutlak produk barang cacat tersembunyi mempunyai keselarasan, di mana intinya adalah bahwa pelaku usaha bertanggung jawab terhadap konsumen akan resiko akibat dari produk barang yang diedarkan di pasaran.Relevansi hak khiyar 'aib dengan prinsip tanggung jawab mutlak pelaku usaha ini, menunjukakan bahwa alternatif perlindungan konsumen melalui penerapan prinsip tanggung jawab mutlak pelaku usaha akan dapat melindungi konsumen terhadap produk barang cacat tersembunyi dari pelaku usaha.

Reconstructing Legal Certainty in Indonesia from the Perspective of Siyāsah Syar‘iyyah: From Legal Formalism to Substantive Justice Sutarja Sutarja; Holijah Holijah
Jurnal El-Thawalib Vol 7, No 3 (2026)
Publisher : UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24952/el-thawalib.v7i3.19797

Legal certainty constitutes one of the fundamental pillars of a state governed by the rule of law, serving to ensure order, justice, and the protection of citizens’ rights. However, the implementation of law in Indonesia continues to face various challenges, including overlapping regulations, inconsistencies in law enforcement, disparities in judicial decisions, and a tendency toward legal formalism that often neglects the public sense of justice. This article aims to analyze the problems of legal certainty in Indonesia and to propose a reconstruction of the concept of legal certainty from the perspective of Siyāsah Syar’iyyah. This research employs a normative legal research method using conceptual, statutory, and philosophical approaches. The sources of data include legislation, constitutional law literature, Islamic legal scholarship, and relevant scientific journal articles. Data were collected through library research and analyzed using qualitative methods with deductive-inductive reasoning. The findings indicate that the paradigm of legal certainty in Indonesia remains predominantly influenced by a positivistic approach that views law merely as a body of written norms. From the perspective of Siyāsah Syar’iyyah, legal certainty is not only understood as compliance with legal texts but also as an instrument for realizing substantive justice for all citizens. The reconstruction of legal certainty should therefore be directed toward the integration of legality, justice, and public welfare (maslahah) through the development of responsive regulations, the strengthening of the integrity of law enforcement institutions, the harmonization of legislation, and the implementation of the principles of Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah in both the legislative process and law enforcement practices

Reconstructing Legal Certainty in Indonesia from the Perspective of Siyāsah Syar‘iyyah: From Legal Formalism to Substantive Justice Sutarja Sutarja; Holijah Holijah
Jurnal El-Thawalib Vol 7, No 3 (2026)
Publisher : UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24952/el-thawalib.v7i3.19797

Legal certainty constitutes one of the fundamental pillars of a state governed by the rule of law, serving to ensure order, justice, and the protection of citizens’ rights. However, the implementation of law in Indonesia continues to face various challenges, including overlapping regulations, inconsistencies in law enforcement, disparities in judicial decisions, and a tendency toward legal formalism that often neglects the public sense of justice. This article aims to analyze the problems of legal certainty in Indonesia and to propose a reconstruction of the concept of legal certainty from the perspective of Siyāsah Syar’iyyah. This research employs a normative legal research method using conceptual, statutory, and philosophical approaches. The sources of data include legislation, constitutional law literature, Islamic legal scholarship, and relevant scientific journal articles. Data were collected through library research and analyzed using qualitative methods with deductive-inductive reasoning. The findings indicate that the paradigm of legal certainty in Indonesia remains predominantly influenced by a positivistic approach that views law merely as a body of written norms. From the perspective of Siyāsah Syar’iyyah, legal certainty is not only understood as compliance with legal texts but also as an instrument for realizing substantive justice for all citizens. The reconstruction of legal certainty should therefore be directed toward the integration of legality, justice, and public welfare (maslahah) through the development of responsive regulations, the strengthening of the integrity of law enforcement institutions, the harmonization of legislation, and the implementation of the principles of Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah in both the legislative process and law enforcement practices

Kepastian Hukum Putusan Arbitrase Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Komersial Di Indonesia (Studi Kasus Putusan Mahkamah Agung Periode 2015-2023) Enjelita Berliana; Rehan Rehan; Akhmad fajri; Puput Putriani; Melysa diah lestari; Holijah Holijah
Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Kebijakan Publik | E-ISSN : 3031-8882 Vol. 3 No. 4 (2026): Januari-Februari
Publisher : CV. ITTC INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62379/wdnn6971

Legal Certainty of Arbitration Awards in Commercial Dispute Resolution in Indonesia is a crucial issue amid rapid economic growth, with investment realization reaching IDR 1,186 trillion in 2022. This study aims to analyze the regulation, practice, and obstacles to the legal certainty of arbitration awards under Law No. 30 of 1999 on Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution (Arbitration Law). Employing a normative juridical approach with statutory, conceptual, and case study analysis of Supreme Court decisions from 2015-2023, the research finds that although the Arbitration Law adopts the UNCITRAL Model Law and limits annulment grounds (Article 70), court practices often involve judicial overreach through expansive public policy interpretations, resulting in 28% of annulment petitions being granted. Key obstacles include inconsistent jurisprudence and lack of harmonization with the 1958 New York Convention. Compared to Singapore, Indonesia lags in minimizing judicial intervention. The conclusion states that legal certainty of arbitration awards is suboptimal, necessitating amendments to the Arbitration Law to strengthen finality and restrict annulment grounds. Recommendations include establishing a public policy expert panel and judicial training. This study contributes to enhancing Indonesia's investment climate.

Strengthening the Institutional Structure of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia: The Urgency of Revising Law Number 37 of 2008 from the Perspective of Fiqh Siyasah Vidya Nirmala Sari; Holijah Holijah
Jurnal El-Thawalib Vol 7, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24952/el-thawalib.v7i2.19585

This research examines the weakened oversight function of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia in public service delivery as a consequence of three fundamental deficiencies within Law Number 37 of 2008 concerning the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia. First, the absence of executive enforcement authority over the Ombudsman’s recommendations results in its operation merely as a magistrature of influence, unlike its counterparts in developed jurisdictions. Second, the Ombudsman’s institutional position remains ambiguous and marginal within the state structure, as it is neither explicitly nor implicitly regulated in the 1945 Constitution. Third, budgetary and human resource constraints inevitably follow from such limited authority, while maladministration practices continue to rise, totaling 81,432 reports over the past two decades. The findings conclude that institutionally, the Ombudsman functions as a state auxiliary organ and, functionally, as part of the fourth branch of government. However, it currently exercises only a magistrature of influence, necessitating a legal transformation into a magistrature of sanction. From the perspective of fiqih siyasah (Islamic political jurisprudence), strengthening the Ombudsman is imperative, as it aligns with the principle of al-amr bi al-ma’ruf wa al-nahy ‘an al-munkar (commanding right and forbidding wrong), the concept of wilayat al-hisbah (public accountability institution), and the objectives of maqashid al-shariah. The proposed institutional strengthening model through legal revision comprises four simultaneous measures: (1) establishing binding executive authority for recommendations; (2) optimizing preventive and educational functions based on the Fiqh Anti-Maladministration framework; (3) strengthening an integrated complaint reporting system with whistleblower protection; and (4) internalizing fiqih siyasah values (trustworthiness, justice, public interest, accountability) into positive law. This research recommends that the revision of Law Number 37 of 2008 accommodate all four measures concurrently, thereby transforming the Ombudsman into a strong, independent supervisory institution capable of performing the hisbah function within a modern constitutional state.

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