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p-Index From 2021 - 2026
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All Journal Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan
Ana Uluwiyah
Education Training Center, Statistics Indonesia
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Pendekatan Competing Risks dalam Menganalisis Kembali Bekerjanya Pekerja White-Collar Pasca COVID-19: Pembelajaran dari Indonesia Christoffel, Joseph; Hutagaol, Octavia Rogate; Uluwiyah, Ana; Lestariningsih, Eni
Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan Vol 20 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Kebijakan Ketenagakerjaan Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47198/jnaker.v20i2.584

Abstract

Despite the recovery trend in the labor market after the scarring effects caused by the pandemic, the share of white-collar workers remains below pre-pandemic levels. This study aims to analyze the determinants of reemployment among individuals who exited the workforce due to COVID-19, with a specific focus on differences between white-collar and blue-collar workers. We use micro data from the August 2022 National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) and employ a survival analysis with the Fine and Gray competing risks model to estimate the subdistribution hazard ration (SHR) for each covariate such as gender, living area, education, and age. The results show that individuals living in urban areas, with post-secondary education, younger age (15–30 years), previous white-collar work experience, and participation in training programs have a significantly higher likelihood of reemployment in white-collar occupations. Conversely, blue-collar reemployment is more likely among those with lower education, rural residence, head-of-household status, previous blue-collar work experience and unmarried individuals. This research emphasizes the importance of investing in human capital and post secondary education for maximizing white-collar jobs reabsorption.
Dampak Penuaan Populasi dan Dinamika Tenaga Kerja Lansia terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Jawa Timur Septiawan, Anggi; Uluwiyah, Ana
Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan Vol 21 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Kebijakan Ketenagakerjaan Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47198/naker.v21i2.613

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of population ageing and elderly labour on economic growth in Jawa Timur, an early-ageing province in Indonesia. The analysis utilises a balanced panel of 38 regencies from 2017 to 2024, employing one-way fixed-effects and two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimation. To address potential endogeneity, lagged infant mortality and lagged access to safe drinking water serve as instruments for the elderly dependency ratio. Initial fixed-effects estimates indicate a demographic burden. However, after correcting for endogeneity, the 2SLS results reveal no evidence of a causal effect of the elderly dependency ratio, elderly labour force participation, or life expectancy on economic growth. Thus, a higher proportion of elderly individuals does not causally reduce economic growth. Conversely, elderly educational attainment demonstrates a positive and statistically significant causal effect on growth, a result that remains robust after controlling for poverty. As elderly individuals completed their formal education several decades ago, this finding underscores the long-term benefits of historical investments in education. The results support the third demographic dividend hypothesis in a middle-income regional context, with the principal transmission channel operating through human capital rather than labour supply. Policy implications are as follows: in the short term, labour metrics should be reoriented, and data quality improved; in the medium term, targeted adult education programmes should be reassessed; and in the long term, current educational investments will shape the productivity of the elderly in the 2080s.
Co-Authors Christoffel, Joseph Hutagaol, Octavia Rogate Lestariningsih, Eni Septiawan, Anggi