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Gambaran Kegagalan Perbaikan CD4 Pasien Koinfeksi TB-HIV Berdasarkan Jarak Waktu Pemberian Antiretroviral Pasca Obat Anti Tuberkulosis di Rumah Sakit Penyakit Infeksi (RSPI) Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso NFN Musdalifah; Ratna Djuwita; Adria Rusli; Mondastri Korib
The Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol. 3 No. 2 (2016): The Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases
Publisher : Rumah Sakit Penyakit Infeksi Prof Dr. Sulianti Saroso

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32667/ijid.v3i2.31

Abstract

AbstrakLatarbelakang : Memulai terapi Antiretroviral (ARV) lebih awal berisiko menimbulkan interaksi Obat Anti TB (OAT) dengan ARV, efek samping obat, keracunan akibat obat, tantangan kepatuhan minum obat dan terjadinya Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS).Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan design penelitian kohort restrospektif dengan follow-up selama satu setengah tahun. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Sakit Penyakit Infeksi (RSPI) Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Tahun 2016. Populasi studi adalah pasien Ko-infeksi TB-HIV yang naive ART dan tercatat pada rekam medis periode Januari 2010 - November 2014. Data pasien diperoleh dari rekam medis pasien dengan kriteria inklusi sampel adalah pasien usia ≥15 tahun, mendapat OAT minimal 2 minggu sebelum ART dimulai, dan memiliki data hasil pemeriksaan CD4 sebanyak dua kali dengan total sampel sebanyak 164 orang.Hasil : Probabilias kumulatif kegagalan perbaikan CD4 pasien ko-infeksi TB-HIV sebesar 14,43%. Hazard rate kegagalan perbaikan CD4 pada pasien yang memulai terapi ARV 2-8 minggu setelah OAT dibandingkan dengan yang menunda terapi ARV 8 minggu setelah OAT masing-masing 767 per 10.000 orang tahun dan 447 per 10.000 orang tahun (p=0,266).Kesimpulan : Hazard rate kegagalan perbaikan CD4 pada pasien yang memulai terapi ARV 2-8 minggu setelah OAT lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan hazard rate pada pasien yang menunda terapi ARV 8 minggu setelah OAT. AbstractBackground : Starting Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) earlier was assosiated to pharmacologic interactions, side effect, high pill burden, treatment interruption, and Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS).Methods : This study used cohort restrospective design with one and half year time to follow up. This study was conducted from May to June 2016 at Infectious Disease Hospital Sulianti Saroso. Study population were TB-HIV coinfected patients, noted as a naive ART patient in medical records from january2010-november 2014. A total 164 patients ≥ 15 years old, had ATT 2 weeks before ART and had minimum 2 CD4 sell count laboratorium test results.Result : The cumulative probability of CD4 response failure among TB-HIV co-infected patients was 14,43%. Hazard rate of CD4 response failure was 767 per 10.000 person year in early ART (2-8 weeks after OAT) versus 474 per 10.000 person year in delayed ART (8 weeks after OAT) (p=0,266).Conclusion : Hazard CD4 repair failure rate in patients who started ARV therapy 2-8 weeks after OAT higher than the hazard rate in patients who deferred antiretroviral therapy 8 weeks after OAT.
Action Research : Pemberdayaan Bystander untuk Mencegah Perundungan di Sekolah Melalui Program Pelatihan Keterampilan Empati Cynthia Halim; Ratna Djuwita
Jurnal Perkotaan Vol. 10 No. 1 (2018): Juni 2018
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25170/perkotaan.v10i1.302

Abstract

Bullying in a form of intimidation that junior peers receive from their seniors are still happening in several high schools in Jakarta area, namely XYZ High School. The immediate effect of intimidation include fear of being near any place in that specific school that is considered as the senior turf. This in turn affects negatively on the students' sense of security and feeling of peace, thus possesses threats on their academic as well as non-academic achievements. This research aims to empower students to become bystanders who are willing to intervene thus prevent the occurrence of bullying. The students' willingness to be able to intervene requires certain skills in empathy, thus this intervention program provides training to increase empathy aimed at a group of student council members in order for them to be able to intervene properly. Literatures in empathetical skills used in the design of this program will increase prosocial behaviour so that bullying will decrease on its own after its delivery. The program includes: recognizing others' perspectives, recognizing others' needs, and increasing the sense within self to help others in need. This research used an action research design that focuses on explorative narratives. Analysis used a Wilcoxon signed-ranks that showed students' empathetical skills increased after intervention of program was delivered (pretest-post test score on empathetical skills IRI Z = 2,836, p <0,005). The increased empathetical skills in students are expected to decrease bullying behaviour within XYZ High School in Jakarta.