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EKSPANSI PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT DAN PERLUNYA PERBAIKAN KEBIJAKAN PENATAAN RUANG/ Palm Oil Expansion and Requirement Spatial Planning Policy Improvement Andi Ishak; Rilus A. Kinseng; Satyawan Sunito; Didin S Damanhuri
Perspektif Vol 16, No 1 (2017): Juni, 2017
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/psp.v16n1.2017.%p

Abstract

ABSTRAK Kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) merupakan komoditas penting bagi perekonomian Indonesia karena menjadi sumber pendapatan negara dan penyedia lapangan kerja yang cukup signifikan. Indonesia menjadi pengekspor minyak sawit terbesar dunia saat ini dengan luas perkebunan lebih dari 10 juta hektar dan melibatkan sekitar 16 juta tenaga kerja. Ekspansi perkebunan kelapa sawit disebabkan oleh kesesuaian agroklimat, permintaan global, dan dukungan kebijakan pemerintah. Kelapa sawit berpotensi dikembangkan pada lahan seluas 51,4 juta hektar dan telah dibudidayakan pada 22 provinsi di Indonesia, terutama di Pulau Sumatera dan Kalimantan. Kelapa sawit mampu menghasilkan minyak nabati 4-23 kali lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan tanaman penghasil minyak nabati lainnya serta dimanfaatkan secara luas untuk bahan baku industri pangan dan non pangan di seluruh dunia. Dukungan kebijakan pemerintah telah mendorong investasi swasta masuk dalam industri kelapa sawit dan melakukan ekspansi perkebunan secara besar-besaran dalam tiga dekade terakhir. Ekspansi perkebunan kelapa sawit berdampak positif pada kondisi sosio-ekonomi masyarakat pedesaan. Pembangunan perkebunan swasta mendorong konversi lahan menjadi perkebunan kelapa sawit rakyat, perubahan pola nafkah petani, dan migrasi tenaga kerja ke daerah-daerah perkebunan sehingga meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat dan mempercepat pembangunan wilayah. Namun ekspansi perkebunan kelapa sawit yang tidak terkendali telah berdampak negatif karena menyebabkan konflik agraria, deforestasi, dan kebakaran hutan yang memicu kabut asap. Kebijakan pemerintah terkait moratorium sawit yang dilakukan secara simultan dengan penataan ruang menjadi relevan untuk mencegah semakin luasnya dampak negatif akibat ekspansi perkebunan kelapa sawit.Kata kunci: Kelapa sawit, dampak, moratorium, kebijakan spasial. ABSTRACTPalm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) is an important commodity for the Indonesian economy as it becomes a significant source of state income and employment providers. Indonesia is the world's largest palm oil exporter today with a plantation area of more than 10 million hectares and involves about 16 million workers. The expansion of oil palm plantations is due to the suitability of agro-climate, global demand, and government policy support. Oil palm has the potential to be developed on an area of 51.4 million hectares and has been cultivated in 22 provinces in Indonesia, mainly on the islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan. Palm oil is able to produce vegetable oil 4-23 times more than other vegetable-producing crops and widely used for food and non-food industry raw materials worldwide. Government policy support has encouraged private investment into the palm oil industry and expanded large-scale plantations in the past three decades. The expansion of oil palm plantations has a positive impact on the socio-economic conditions of rural communities. The development of private plantations encourages land conversion to smallholder oil palm plantations, changes in farmers' livelihood patterns, and labor migration to plantation areas that increase community incomes and accelerate regional development. But the uncontrolled expansion of oil palm plantations has had a negative impact as it causes agrarian conflicts, deforestation, and forest fires that trigger haze. Government policies related to the palm oil moratorium simultaneously conducted with spatial arrangement become relevant to prevent the increasing extent of the negative impact due to the expansion of oil palm plantations.Keywords: Palm oil, impact, moratorium, spatial policy.
KERENTANAN EKOLOGI DAN STRATEGI PENGHIDUPAN PERTANIAN MASYARAKAT DESA PERSAWAHAN TADAH HUJAN DI PANTURA INDRAMAYU Ali Yansyah Abdurrahim; Arya Hadi Dharmawan; Satyawan Sunito; I Made Sudiana
Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia Vol 9, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Research Centre for Population, Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jki.v9i1.109

Abstract

Rain fed paddy village in Indramayu North Coasthasa very high ecological vulnerability. Location at the end of the irrigation and flood discharge channel makes this village every year drought in the dry season and floods in the rainy season. Later, the frequency and intensity increase as climate change. This condition is the pressure that shook the liveli hoods of rural communities. To maintain and continue their livelihood, households from various social strata living doing various activities that are grouped into three livelihood strategies, namely (1) agriculture, (2) non-agricultural livelihood diversification, and (3) migration. Livelihood strategies carried out by combining its livelihood assets and livelihood assets belonging to other households who successfully accessible through existing social institutions in rural communities. With a wide range of social institutions that, in general, every household in the village Karangmulya trying to generate sustainable livelihood out comes for the household. Income, well-being (welfare), adaptation of livelihoods, food security, and sustainability of natural resources resulting in a comprehensive and coKeywords: vulnerability, floods, droughts, livelihood strategies, sustainable livelihoods
MODAL JARO DALAM ARENA POLITIK LOKAL: Studi Kasus di Desa Cileuksa Kecamatan Sukajaya Kabupaten Bogor Iwansyah Iwansyah; Satyawan Sunito; Sofyan Syaf
Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif Vol 11, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/jsr.v11i1.1272

Abstract

This research concern swith the role of Jaro capital at local political arena in Cileuksa village of Sukajaya District, West Jawa. The aim of this research is to understand the relationship between Jaro capital at local political arena, capital elaboration as foundation for vertical mobility and capital reproduction within local political arena. Using case study as its research method, this research finds that as cultural actor, Jaro or Jawara, has significant meaning in local political arena, namely cultural influence and formal authority. With regards to cultural influence, this study finds that Jaro’s presenceis essential for Cileuksa’s villagers. Furthermore, as the head of the village, Jaro holds formal structure authority to go vernits people. This research concludes that both cultural influence and formal authority were supported by maintained and reproduced capital in local political arena.Penelitian ini berfokus pada konsep modal Jaro di arena politik lokal di Desa Cileuksa, Kecamatan Sukajaya, Jawa Barat. Tujuan dari riset untuk mengetahui hubungan antara modal Jaro di arena politik lokal, elaborasi antara modal sebagai fondasi untuk mobiltas vertikal dan reproduksi modal di dalam arena politik lokal. Dengan menggunakan studi kasus sebagai metode kajian, riset ini bertujuan untuk menemukan aktor kultural, Jaro atau Jawara, yang memiliki makna yang signifikan dalam arena politik lokal, yang disebut dengan pengaruh kebudayaan dan otoritas formal. Dengan melihat adanya pengaruh kebudayaan, kajian ini menemukan bahwa peran Jaro sangat penting bagi masyarakat Desa Cileuksa. Selanjutnya, sebagai seo rang pemimpin di desa, Jaro mengendalikan struktur otoritas formal bagi masyarakat desa. Riset ini menemukan bahwa ada dua pengaruh budaya dan otoritas formal yang didukung oleh adanya pengendalian dan reproduksi modal di arena politik lokal.