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Journal : International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology

A Hybrid GDHS and GBDT Approach for Handling Multi-Class Imbalanced Data Classification Hartono, Hartono; Zuhanda, Muhammad Khahfi; Syah, Rahmad; Rahman, Sayuti; Ongko, Erianto
International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology Vol 5, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Malikussaleh University, Aceh, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52088/ijesty.v5i3.894

Abstract

Multiclass imbalanced classification remains a significant challenge in machine learning, particularly when datasets exhibit high Imbalance Ratios (IR) and overlapping feature distributions. Traditional classifiers often fail to accurately represent minority classes, leading to biased models and suboptimal performance. This study proposes a hybrid approach combining Generalization potential and learning Difficulty-based Hybrid Sampling (GDHS) as a preprocessing technique with Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) as the classifier. GDHS enhances minority class representation through intelligent oversampling while cleaning majority classes to reduce noise and class overlap. GBDT is then applied to the resampled dataset, leveraging its adaptive learning capabilities. The performance of the proposed GDHS+GBDT model was evaluated across six benchmark datasets with varying IR levels, using metrics such as Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), Precision, Recall, and F-Value. Results show that GDHS+GBDT consistently outperforms other methods, including SMOTE+XGBoost, CatBoost, and Select-SMOTE+LightGBM, particularly on high-IR datasets like Red Wine Quality (IR = 68.10) and Page-Blocks (IR = 188.72). The method improves classification performance, especially in detecting minority classes, while maintaining high accuracy.
Predicting Burnout in Start-Up Environments: A Multivariate Risk Scoring Approach for Early Managerial Intervention Sutrisno, Nos; Elveny, Maricha; Lubis, Andre Hasudungan; Syah, Rahmad; Hartono, Hartono; Krisdayanti, Sabina
International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology Vol 5, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Malikussaleh University, Aceh, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52088/ijesty.v5i4.1663

Abstract

Start-up organisations operate under fast timelines, lean staffing, and constantly shifting priorities, exposing employees to chronic workload pressure and emotional strain. Unmanaged burnout in these settings threatens individual well-being, talent retention, and long-term execution capacity. This study proposes a multivariate burnout risk scoring approach that aims to identify and prioritise employees at elevated risk before full deterioration occurs, enabling early managerial intervention rather than reactive recovery. The proposed pipeline integrates principal component analysis (PCA), Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine (SVM). PCA is first applied to reduce redundancy across workplace indicators, yielding five principal components (PC1–PC5) that together explain 88% of the total variance in self-reported stress level, job satisfaction, emotional exhaustion, work-life balance, performance, and social interaction. These components are then used as predictors in two supervised classification models, Random Forest and SVM, to estimate the likelihood that each employee belongs to a high-burnout-risk class. The Random Forest model achieved an accuracy of 88%, and the SVM model achieved an accuracy of 86%, demonstrating strong predictive capability in distinguishing higher-risk employees from lower-risk employees. The resulting predicted probability is interpreted as an individualised burnout risk score, which can be mapped to action categories such as workload redistribution, role clarification, targeted supervisory check-ins, or temporary protection from critical-path tasks. In this way, the framework operationalises burnout prediction not only as a detection task but also as an actionable decision-support signal for leaders. The study therefore offers both a quantitative method for forecasting burnout in start-up environments and a practical structure for translating prediction into preventive intervention.