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All Journal Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics CommIT (Communication & Information Technology)
Gintoro Gintoro, Gintoro
Jurusan Teknik Informatika, Fakultas Ilmu Komputer, Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jln. K.H. Syahdan No.9, Palmerah, Jakarta Barat 11480
Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Journal : Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics

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Strategies, characteristics, and research gaps for improving microservices coupling design Gintoro, Gintoro; Sunardi, Sunardi
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 14, No 3: June 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v14i3.9099

Abstract

The popularity of microservices architecture (MSA) has been pushed by the demand for scalable, maintainable, and efficient applications in the fastchanging digital ecosystem. The objective of this study is to determine strategies for improving service coupling in MSA, analyze the circumstances in which these strategies are successful, and recommend areas of research that need further development for future enhancements. We employed a systematic literature review (SLR) and the seven research gap methodology developed by Müller-Bloch and Kranz to pinpoint 10 essential strategies, such as API gateway and domain-driven design (DDD). The results of our study indicate that the effectiveness of each technique is contingent upon specific design criteria for the microservices, such as the presence of separate read and write operations for command query responsibility segregation (CQRS). To further enhance these techniques, it is crucial to address the research gaps that have been highlighted, particularly the lack of empirical studies on long-term repercussions. This study offers theoretical insights and practical assistance on how to improve the connection between services, thereby enabling the development of more resilient and easily maintainable applications based on MSA.
Evaluating maintainability metrics in microservices-based student registration systems Gintoro, Gintoro; Cahyo Nugroho, Eko
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 14, No 6: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v14i6.10457

Abstract

As governments redefine educational policy and schools evolve their priorities, more schools must have software that recalibrates with minimal friction. To provide objective guidelines, this study rigorously measures maintainability attributes in a microservices-styled student registration platform, framing the assessment with the ISO/IEC 25010 maintainability specification. We steered each of the standard's maintainability sub-characteristics into defined quantitative constructs, executed in the context of a production microservices topology. Architectural and behavioural views were analysed using Structure101 in static tool runs, and unified modeling language (UML) model inspection anchored the derivation of key metrics, ensuring that stakeholder-defined structures and live microservices concurrency both shaped the evaluation. Results indicate moderate system modularity with average component dependency (ACD) of 2.14, propagation cost (PC) of 10.2%, and identification of one non-trivial cycle group involving three classes. Cohesion analysis revealed structural improvement opportunities in core classes such as admin and candidate lack of cohesion in methods 4 (LCOM4)≥2). The inheritance structure shows optimal characteristics with shallow depth (depth of inheritance tree (DIT)≤1), and controlled breadth (number of children (NOC)=2), supporting both analyzability and modifiability. These findings provide actionable insights for enhancing system maintainability in microservices architectures, particularly for educational domain applications requiring frequent policy adaptations.
Co-Authors Cahyo Nugroho, Eko Edwin Hartanto Widjaja, Edwin Hartanto Sunardi Sunardi Thomas Ivantoro Prasetyo, Thomas Ivantoro