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Mubyarto Mubyarto, Mubyarto
Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Gadjah Mada
Economics, Econometrics & Finance

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TEORI INVESTASI DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DALAM EKONOMI PANCASILA Mubyarto, Mubyarto
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business Vol 18, No 3 (2003): July
Publisher : Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business

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Abstract

If economics is to become less of a religion and more of a science, then the foundationsof economics should be torn down and replaced. (Steve Keen, 2001, Debunking Economics:The Naked Emperor of the Social Sciences, Pluto Press, Sydney).Keywords: Religions Economics, Economic Sin.
PEMULIHAN EKONOMI NASIONAL MENUJU DEMOKRASI EKONOMI Mubyarto, Mubyarto
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business Vol 16, No 1 (2001): January
Publisher : Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business

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Abstract

Since the monetary and economic crisis in mid-1997 there has never been agreement, or serious debate, on how to measure economic recovery. Is it when foreign exchange rate can be stabilized or after banking recapitalization and business restructurization can be fully implemented? Even when economic growth has resumed mid-1999 and the beginning of 2000, some economist argued that it is still an artificial growth when investment has not recovered to the pre-crisis level.The article proposes different view: that is, because of the important role the Ekonomi Rakyat (estimated about 50-60% of total Indonesian economy), the economic recovery has taken place, and the ekonomi rakyat has made adjustment to the changing situation relatively easily. The argument has been strengthened by our research findings in the regions (provinces, kabupaten, and villages) which shows much smaller rate of economic contraction in 1998. It is expected that regional autonomy to be implemented in the beginning of 2001 will speed up the process of the development of ekonomi rakyat and the realization of economic democracy in the regions and the country as a whole.Keywords: economic recovery, conglomeration, ekonomi rakyat, and regional autonomy.
FINANCIAL CRISIS AND ITS IMPACTS ON POVERTY IN INDONESIA Mubyarto, Mubyarto
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business Vol 18, No 1 (2003): January
Publisher : Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business

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Abstract

Krisis keuangan di Asia Timur menyebar dari Thailand ke Indonesia dan negara-negara lainnya di kawasan Asia Timur melalui pasar uang dan pasar modal di mana matauang lokal terdepresiasi dengan cepat dan dalam jumlah yang besar.Akibat dari krisis tersebut terhadap kemiskinan sangat cepat karena depresiasi matauang lokal mengindikasikan kenaikan harga-harga umum secara tiba-tiba, terutama harga makanan yang sebagian besar merupakan produk impor. Inflasi tersebut kemudian dengan serius mempengaruhi rakyat miskin karena mereka tidak mampu untuk mencukupi kebutuhan pangan. Konsekuensinya, kemiskinan meningkat dan proporsi populasi yang berada di bawah garis kemiskinan meningkat pula.Untungnya, inflasi yng tinggi pada tahun 1998 sebesar 78 persen dapat dikontroldengan cepat dan inflasi tersebut menurun hingga hanya 2 persen pada tahun 1999 dankemudian kembali ke “normal” sekitar 10 persen pada periode 2000-2001. Penurunanharga bahan pangan secara otomatis pula menurunkan jumlah rakyat miskin hingga 50persen. Ini disebut sebagai “transient poverty”.Indonesia pada saat ini masih menghadapi krisis keuangan dan perbankan, namunposisi ekonomi masyarakat, termasuk rakyat miskin, telah kembali ke keadaan normal.Ekonomi rakyat memang membuktikan kemampuannya untuk bertahan di tengah krisis.Namun demikian, sangat disayangkan bahwa media masih terus membesar-besarkan krisis keuangan yang merefleksikan kepentingan sektor swasta agar tidak perlu ditekan untuk mengembalikan utang mereka yang sangat besar jumlahnya.Kata kunci: Krisis moneter, kemiskinan sementara, IDT.
ILMU EKONOMI DAN PEMBANGUNAN INDONESIA (A DEVELOPMENT MANIFESTO FOR INDONESIA) Mubyarto, Mubyarto; Bromley, Daniel W.
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business Vol 17, No 1 (2002): January
Publisher : Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business

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Abstract

Economic development must be thought of as a process in which a gradual and self-reinforcing evolution of institutions (“working rules”) gets underway, all the while being informed and guided by the explicit purpose of: (1) encouraging economic growth; (2) enhancing the equality with which the benefits of that growth are shared; and (3) assuring that natural assets are not degraded in a manner that will compromise in the future either continued growth, or continued sharing of the benefits of growth. We see that institutions are central to growth, poverty alleviation, and sustainability. We also see that economic growth – increases in per capita GDP (or GNP) – is not sufficient unless it is also accompanied by a simultaneous and plausibly sustainable decrease in social inequality, and unless growth is not destructive of future growth and development.The process of economic development must incorporate three central ideas. These concepts concern ethics, law, and economics. Ethics concern collective perceptions of what is good and just not only in the present, but in terms of objectives to be pursued in the future. Law concern the application of the collective power to mediate and to enforce that ethical consensus – always with an eye to the future. Economics concerns the calculation of profit and loss predicated upon: (1) the ethical base of the nation state as a going concern; and (2) upon the legal foundations that give substance and content to the prior ethical foundations of that nation state.Keywords: Poverty Alleviation, Institutional Economics, People’s Economy.
GERAKAN SENDAWAR MAKMUR DI KABUPATEN KUTAI BARAT: HIDUP DAN BEREKONOMI TANPA PEMERINTAH Hamid, Edy Suandi; Prapti, Endang Sih; Hudiyanto, Hudiyanto; Mubyarto, Mubyarto; Indroyono, Puthut
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business Vol 18, No 3 (2003): July
Publisher : Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business

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Abstract

The development of ekonomi rakyat in an isolated kampung, kecamatan, or kabupaten is becoming very important in the era of regional autonomy. One of this kabupaten is West Kutai in the Province of East Kalimantan. The size of the kabupaten is 31,629 km2 (as large as the size of Central Java Province) but the population is only 144.000 people (while Central Java’s is 35 million people) with the population density of only 4.5/km2. It is clear that it needs “more” population to exploit the rich natural resources. The 48% poverty is alarming to all concerned and the Bupati is doing everything possible to reduce poverty “as soon as possible” by introducing a mass movement called “Gerakan Sendawar Makmur” (Prosperous Sendawar Movement).Keywords: autonomy, participation, poverty alleviation, cultural economics.
PERAN ILMU EKONOMI DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI RAKYAT Mubyarto, Mubyarto
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business Vol 17, No 3 (2002): July
Publisher : Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business

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Abstract

Policy to empower the people’s economy need the support of various social sciences including economics. But experiences in Indonesian development phase of 1966-98, showed that it has helped economic growth tremendously, but it also resulted in social injustices. And above all it ended with a serious multidimentional crisis in 1997. Because of that a new economics is proposed to replace the old American Neoclassical economics. This new economics should be founded on Indonesian economic history and culture through serious empirical-inductive method. This is not to reject completely Neoclassical Economics but to modify it in such way to become Indonesian Institutional Economics.Keywords: People’s Economy, Economic History, Economics Teaching.
REFORMASI, TEORI EKONOMI, DAN KEMISKINAN Mubyarto, Mubyarto
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business Vol 19, No 2 (2004): April
Publisher : Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business

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Abstract

For 25 years now, the Pancasila economic theory has experienced “prosperity anddepression”. In 1980’s when the economy was booming the Indonesian economists weredebating seriously on the merit and demerit of the theory. Now after the economy had beenhaving difficulties to recover from the severe monetary crisis, the debate become hotterbecause the conventional economic theory has again demonstrated its inability. Inconnection with the role of IMF’s economists in helping Indonesian economists to rescuethe crisis, various national debate took place. The author’s brief meeting with MuhammadYunus, Bangladesh’s most prominent economist in Dacca reactivated our long timeconcern on the need of “native economic theory” for Indonesia which we had calledEkonomi Pancasila.Key words : self employment, socio-economic theory, poverty, ekonomi rakyat
MENUJU SISTEM EKONOMI PANCASILA: REFORMASI ATAU REVOLUSI Mubyarto, Mubyarto
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business Vol 19, No 1 (2004): January
Publisher : Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business

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Abstract

.... intellectuals are at their best when distant from politics and power... only whenintellectuals step back from governing institutions will they be able to speak truth topower.... Intellectuals, therefore had to conceive of themselves as cultural worker,responsible not solely for generating ideas but also for ensuring that those ideas wound upin the minds and arguments of a thoughtful audience and public. (K. Mattson, 2002: 9, 267)Universities are introduced, without the intellectual spirit. A bureaucracy is introducedwithout the rigid and widespread adherence to the principal of promotion by merit,efficiency, and a public service attitude. Parliamentary democracy is introduced withoutthe spirit of fair play, honest election, and a genuine commitment to principles. Thesciences are introduced without the spirit of enquiry. The incomplete nature of themodernisation process, the substance without the spirit, is the cause of prevailingbackwardness of the developing societies. (Alatas, 1977: 78-79).Keywords: economic reform, economic exploitation, social-economic justice
MENINJAU KEMBALI EKONOMIKA NEOKLASIK Mubyarto, Mubyarto
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business Vol 17, No 2 (2002): April
Publisher : Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business

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Abstract

Economic Faculties in Indonesian Universities have been teaching economics in the Neoclassical tradition as in Samuelson’s Economics, a combination of Classical liberalism and Marginal Utility theory. But the development experience in the last 32 years which have created extreme inequalities in the distribution of wealth and income have raised the issues of economic and social justice. ”Social economics insist that justice is a basic element of social economic organization – (which is) far more important than allocative efficiency. Inefficient societies abound and endure in the historical record but societies that lack widespread conviction as to their justness are inherently unstable. ” ….. The most fundamental difference between the social-economics perspective and that of mainstream economics is that the latter has for its principal focus the production of good and services while the former focuses on the reproduction of society. (E.K. Hunt, History of Economic Thought A Critical Perspective, 1979). An atmosphere need to be created whereby economists are prepared to take on what is best from the social science; economics is more likely to be changed by its friends than by its critics; in business as well as in theory we prefer not the metaphor of the invisible hand but rather that of the “invisible handshake” the spirit of cooperation and competition. 1)Keywords: justice, ideology, Neoclassical Economics, and social economics
Ekonomi Indonesia: Pembangunan dengan Pemerataan Menuju Demokrasi Ekonomi Mubyarto, Mubyarto
Economics and Finance in Indonesia Volume 38, Number 3, 1990
Publisher : Institute for Economic and Social Research

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Abstract

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Co-Authors Abimanyu, Anggito Daniel W. Bromley Edy Suandi Hamid Endang Sih Prapti Hudiyanto Hudiyanto, Hudiyanto Puthut Indroyono