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Perbandingan Teknik Aerasi dan Ultrasonikasi Gelasi Ionik Nanopartikel Deksametason Natrium Fosfat Nugroho, Bambang Hernawan; Wardhani, Multi Tri; Suparmi, Suparmi
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 10, NOMOR 2, AGUSTUS 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/jki.v10i2.2150

Abstract

Alginate, a biocompatible and biodegradable natural polymer, has been widely used as a drug molecular carrier using ionic gelation methods (crosslinking). One of the factors that must be taken into account in its preparation is the mechanical effect. The purpose of this study was to explain the preparation process and the characteristics of the calcium alginate crosslinkers as dexamethasone sodium phosphate carriers with low energy and high energy techniques. Nanosuspension is made in six formulas using 3 techniques: low energy (aeration), high energy (ultrasonication), low and high energy (aeration and ultrasonication) with a fixed concentration of dexamethasone sodium phosphate and sodium alginate, that is 0,2% and 0,1%, with 0,02% and 0,2% of calcium chloride. Determination of particle size, zeta potential, and morphology of nanoparticles using Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Determination of encapsulation efficiency using UV/Vis spectrophotometer and statistical analysis using MANOVA test. Synthesis of nanosuspension using a combination of low and high energy (aeration and ultrasonication) results in the most optimal characteristics with particle size value of 352.90 ± 6.10 nm, homogenized polydispersity index (0,52 ± 0,04), optimal potential zeta -44,40 ± 0,4 mV, the encapsulation efficiency of 49,5 - 74,8% and spherical particle shape. It can be concluded that the preparation using a combination of low and high energy is the most optimal preparation result.
Penggunaan D-Optimal Mixture Design untuk Optimasi dan Formulasi Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEEDS) Asam Mefenamat Syukri, Yandi; Nugroho, Bambang Hernawan; Istanti, Istanti
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 7 No 3 (2020): J Sains Farm Klin 7(3), Desember 2020
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.7.3.180-187.2020

Abstract

This study aimed to optimize and formulate the poorly water-soluble mefenamic acid in the self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) using D-optimal mixture design. The initial screening was carried out to determine phases of the oil, surfactants, and co-surfactants used to prepare the ternary phase diagram. D-optimal mixture design was used to optimize SNEDDS loading mefenamic acid by selecting SNEDDS composition as an independent factor and SNEDDS characterization as a response. SNEDDS in the optimal formula were characterized, including transmittance, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. Oleic acid, Tween 80, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 were the selected oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant phases for their greatest ability to dissolve mefenamic acid. The optimization results showed that the optimal formula was that using 10% oleic acid, 80% of Tween 80, and 10% of PEG 400. SNEDDS loading mefenamic acid produced nanoemulsion with 88.5% of transmittance, 190.03 ± 1.18 nm of particle size, 0.469 ± 0.03 of PDI, and -44.1 ± 1.69 mV of zeta potential. This study concludes that the D-optimal mixture design can be used to optimize and prepare the SNEDDS loading poorly-water soluble mefenamic acid.
Organic Nanoparticle Genotoxicity: Current Understanding and Future Testing Needs Sadaqa, Ebrahim; Setiawansyah, Arif; Nugroho, Bambang Hernawan; Hidayati, Nurul; Arsul, Muhammad Ikhlas
Ad-Dawaa: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/djps.v7i2.52943

Abstract

Organic nanoparticles derived from biocompatible materials like chitosan, alginate, and lipids have garnered immense interest for drug delivery, bioimaging, and other biomedical applications. However, as their use rapidly expands, a comprehensive evaluation of their potential genotoxicity is crucial to ensure safe implementation. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the genotoxic risks associated with these organic nanoparticles. The review elucidates how the unique physicochemical properties of organic nanoparticles can induce genetic damage through mechanisms such as direct DNA binding, oxidative stress, inflammation, and impairment of DNA repair pathways. Importantly, this genotoxicity can occur even in the absence of overt cytotoxicity, leading to heritable mutations and long-term adverse effects like cancer and reproductive abnormalities. A critical assessment of established and emerging genotoxicity testing methods, including their strengths, limitations, and opportunities for standardization, is presented. The review synthesizes findings from existing in vitro and in vivo studies, revealing the contrasting genotoxic profiles of different organic nanoparticle formulations and exposure scenarios. Furthermore, the review provides insights into the multifaceted factors influencing nanoparticle genotoxicity, guiding the strategic engineering of safer designs. This comprehensive analysis underscores the pivotal importance of rigorous genotoxicity screening in the responsible development of organic nanomaterials. By harmonizing their innovative capabilities with a commitment to genetic integrity, this review paves the way for realizing the vast potential of organic nanoparticles while safeguarding human and environmental health.