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Hamid T. Al-Saad, Hamid T.
Department of Marine environmental Chemistry, Marine Science Center, University of Basrah, Basrah
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Veterinary

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Trace Metals in Exchangeable Soil from the Oil Fields in Basrah Governorate, Iraq: Melacak Logam dalam Tanah yang Dapat Ditukar dari Ladang Minyak di Kegubernuran Basrah, Irak Ahmed, Fatima J .; Alkafaji, Ayad H.; Al-Saad, Hamid T.
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 1 No. 3 (2024): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.71

Abstract

Soil samples were collected from eleven locations (Seba, Safwan, Majnoon, Ratawi, Bergezia, West Qurna 2, West Qurna 1, Shuaaba, South Rumaila, North Rumaila, and Al Zubair) were selected in the oil fields at Basrah city .And measured of trace metals by Inconductivity Coupled Plasma (ICP). The analysis of trace element concentrations based on CF, EF , and Igeo reveals the following that Lead (Pb): Significant contamination is observed in West Qurna 2, with extremely high values across all indices. This indicates severe anthropogenic influence and requires immediate investigation and monitoring, Cadmium (Cd): Slight contamination is noted in West Qurna 1 and West Qurna 2, though the levels are generally within acceptable limits in other stations, And other Elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr): These elements show natural concentrations across all stations, with no signs of significant enrichment or contamination. Highlights: Sampling: Soil collected from 11 Basrah oil field locations. Findings: High Pb in West Qurna 2; Cd slight contamination. Other Metals: Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr at natural concentrations.. Keywords: Basra , Basra oil fields, Exchangeable , Trace metals , Soil , ICP.
Seasonal Differences in Organo Chlorine Pesticide Residues in Southern Iraqi Marsh Fish: Perbedaan Musiman dalam Residu Pestisida Organo Klorin pada Ikan Rawa Irak Selatan Jabeir, Afaq M.; Abduljaleel, Salwa A.; AL-Saad, Hamid T.
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 1 No. 3 (2024): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.73

Abstract

The contamination of two fish species (Oreochromis niloticu and Liza abu) by organochlorine pesticides in southern Iraqi wetlands between the winter of 2021 and the fall of 2022 during several seasons is the subject of this study, To ascertain these OCP, mussel samples of these fish have been collected and extracted. Analysis of organochlorine pesticides was done by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was discovered that each of these species contained varied concentrations of 14 different kinds of chlorine pesticides. Seasonal variation of these OCPs has been studied, as have the levels of alpha-, delta-, lindane, lindane, hexachlor, aldrin, epoxyheptachlor, D.D.E, dieldrin, D.D.D , endrin aldehyde, endrin ketone, methyl chloride, endrin, and endosulfan. Oreochromis niloticu had mean pesticide concentrations ranging from 0.15 to 1.6 ng/g dry weight in the winter and summer, respectively, while Liza abu had mean pesticide concentrations ranging from 0.13 to 0.7% ng/g dry weight in the winter and summer, respectively. Considering the data at hand, this study—"the first of its kind in the area". Highlights: Organochlorine pesticide contamination in Oreochromis niloticus and Liza abu. Seasonal GC-MS analysis of 14 pesticide types (2021–2022). Pesticide concentrations ranged 0.13–1.6 ng/g; first study in area. Keywords: Iraq marshes, GC/MS, pesticides, fish, pollution, accumulation.
Aspergillus Flavus, Aspergillus Niger, and Aspergillus Terreus are Three Distinct Types of Fungi Used Utilized in Crude Oil Biodegradation: Aspergillus Flavus, Aspergillus Niger, dan Aspergillus Terreus adalah Tiga Jenis Jamur yang Digunakan untuk Biodegradasi Minyak Mentah AL-Shemary, Ahmed J.; AL-Jabberi, Meiad M.; AL-Saad, Hamid T.
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 1 No. 3 (2024): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.74

Abstract

The biodegradation process is one of the best ways to remove organic pollutants with different organic concentrations that have a very dangerous impact on the ecosystem. Soil samples contaminated with crude oil were collected from eight oil producing sites of Basrah Governorate. In the present study three types of fungi species were isolated from the soil contaminated with crude oil in the producing fileds .The fungi species were diagnosis of in the laboratories of the College of Science / University of Basrah to identify them accurately. as Aspergillus flavus , Aspergilus niger and Aspergillus terreus ltheir ability to biodegrade crude oil was tested of the mineral salts medium. As single isolated for 10 , 20 and 30 days incubation. results showed that the Aspergillus flavus the best with biodegradation ability at different incubation periods. Highlights: Biodegradation effectively removes harmful organic pollutants from ecosystems. Crude-oil-contaminated soils in Basrah revealed three fungi species: Aspergillus flavus, niger, terreus. Aspergillus flavus showed superior crude oil degradation over 10–30 days incubation.. Keywords: crude oil concentrations, fungi and biodegradation.
Variability By Region and Season of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Oil Field Soil in Southern Iraq's Basrah Governorate: Variabilitas Berdasarkan Wilayah dan Musim Hidrokarbon Aromatik Polisiklik di Tanah Ladang Minyak di Kegubernuran Basrah, Irak Selatan Resen, Majdalena’’ A.; Abdulhassan, Hamza K.; AL-Saad, Hamid T.
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 1 No. 3 (2024): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i2.98

Abstract

Soil samples were gathered from 11’ oil fields in the Basrah governorate, including (Seba, Safwan, Majnoon, Ratawi, Bergezia, West Qurna 1, West Qurna 2, Shuaaba, South and North Rumaila, and Zubair), at a depth of 0 to 20 cm. The aim was to determine the distribution and origin polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), they were divided into two major groups according to their molecular weight. The first group included six low molecular weight (LMW) chemicals: naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and anthracene, each containing two to three fused aromatic rings. The second group consisted of nine high molecular weight (HMW) compounds with four or more fused aromatic rings: Fluoranthene, Pyrene, Benzo(a)anthracene, Chrysene, Benzo’’(b)fluoranthene, Benzo(k)fluoranthene, Benzo(a)Pyrene, Indeno (1,2,3, c,d) Pyrene, and Benzo(g,h,i)perylene. Station 8 (Shuaaba) recorded the highest mean concentration of total PAHs at 2374.85 ng/g dry weight, while Station 3 (Majnoon) recorded the lowest at (370.672ng/g) dry weight. The PAHs origin was attributed to both pyrogenic and petrogenic sources, as determined by the ratios of LMW/HMW, Phenanthrene/Anthracene, and Fluoranthene/Pyrene. The PAHs compound came from pyrogenic and petrogenic organisms, as indicated by the ratios of LMW/HMW, Phenanthrene/Anthracene, and Fluoranthene/Pyrene. Seasonal mean concentrations of PAHs were in winter (1375.541 ng/g) and summer (529.496 ng/g), with autumn having the lowest concentration (304.486 ng/g), arranged in this order: (Winter > Spring > Summer > Autumn). Highlights: PAHs in Basrah Soil: Highest in Shuaaba (2374.85 ng/g), lowest in Majnoon (370.67 ng/g). Source & Classification: PAHs from pyrogenic and petrogenic origins, classified by LMW/HMW ratios. Seasonal Variation: Highest in winter (1375.54 ng/g), lowest in autumn (304.49 ng/g). Keywords: PAHs,GClMS. Soil pollution, Oil fields, Basrah
Anthropogenic and Sediment Controls on TPH in Tigris Sediments Shnaishel, Altaf Raheem; Kadim, Hamza Abdulhassan; AL-Saad, Hamid T.
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v3i1.385

Abstract

General Background: Petroleum hydrocarbons are persistent aquatic contaminants that accumulate in sediments and serve as records of environmental pollution. Specific Background: The Tigris River in Maysan Governorate faces increasing hydrocarbon inputs associated with urbanization, industrial discharge, and riverine processes. Knowledge Gap: Limited integrated assessments have examined the vertical and spatial distribution of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) alongside Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and sediment grain size within core sediments of this river system. Aim: This study investigates the distribution patterns of TPHs and their relationships with TOC and sediment texture across seven stations (0–50 cm depth). Results: TPH concentrations ranged from 4.49 to 114.13 µg/g, with the highest values at Al-Amara and Ali Al-Sharqi linked to anthropogenic sources. Fine-grained sediments (silt and clay >70%) corresponded with higher TOC (1.66–10.73%), while correlation analysis showed weak association between TPH and TOC but strong relationships between TOC and fine fractions. Novelty: The study integrates vertical profiling and sedimentological controls to distinguish anthropogenic inputs from natural retention mechanisms. Implications: Findings support targeted monitoring and sediment management strategies in hydrocarbon-affected river systems. Highlights: Anthropogenic proximity governs peak hydrocarbon accumulation. Fine-grained sediments regulate organic matter retention. Vertical cores document historical contamination layers. Keywords: Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Tigris River, Sediment Core, Total Organic Carbon, Grain Size
Co-Authors Abdulhassan, Hamza K. Abduljaleel, Salwa A. Ahmed, Fatima J . AL-Jabberi, Meiad M. AL-Shemary, Ahmed J. Alkafaji, Ayad H. Jabeir, Afaq M. Kadim, Hamza Abdulhassan Resen, Majdalena’’ A. Shnaishel, Altaf Raheem