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Jan S. Purba Jan S. Purba
Departemen Neurologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia Rumah Sakit dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health

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Journal : MEDICINUS

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Inflamasi dalam Patologi Penyaki Alzheimer Jan S. Purba
MEDICINUS Vol. 33 No. 3 (2020): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (275.787 KB) | DOI: 10.56951/medicinus.v33i3.70

Abstract

The worldwide incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in 2006 was estimated to be 26.6 million; and is expected to quadruple by 2050 because of the increasing life expectancy in many countries. The main cause of AD is generally attributed to increased production and accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ), in association with neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) formation and synaptic degeneration. Increased levels of proinflammatory factors such as cytokines and chemokines, and the activation of complement cascade that occurs in the brains of AD patients contributes to local inflammatory response triggered by amyloid plaque. The same type of amyloid beta proteins which is the hallmark of Alzheimer's when found in the brain are also found in the lens and ocular fluid. These proteins produce an unusual type of cataract in a different part of the eye than common cataracts. Studies showed that after the release of Aβ, synaptic activity in the neurons is increased through a positive feedback loop, and disrupting this positive feedback loop might be the key for the prevention of the earliest signs of Alzheimer's. Epidemiological findings show reduced prevalence of AD upon long-term medication with nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID). On the other hand, neuronal-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are involved in AD-induced neuroinflammation and in this regard, future therapy may focus on their specific targeting in the AD brain.
Peran Analgesik Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) dan Analgesik Non-NSAIDs dalam Penanganan Nyeri Jan S. Purba
MEDICINUS Vol. 35 No. 1 (2022): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (91.172 KB) | DOI: 10.56951/medicinus.v35i1.90

Abstract

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage. The experience of pain serves as one of the most important protective mechanisms of the body. Understanding the mechanisms of pain is important for any clinician since chronic pain is a global problem that transcends all medical specialties. Chronic pain describes pain that persists or progresses over a long period of time. In contrast to acute pain that arises suddenly in response to a specific injury and is usually treatable, chronic pain persists over time and is often resistant to medical treatments. There are a variety of treatment options for people with chronic pain. The goal of pain management is to provide symptom relief and improve an individual's level of functioning in daily activities. A number of types of medications have been used in the management of chronic pain.
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