Amal Fathullah Zarkasyi
Kuliyatul Mu’allimin al-Islamiyyah (KMI) Pondok Modern Gontor, Ponorogo

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Naẓarīyya al-Nabawi ‘Inda al-Fārābīy Amal Fathullah Zarkasyi
Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies No 63 (1999)
Publisher : Al-Jami'ah Research Centre

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2022.3763.186-209

Abstract

After the spread of Islam in a wide area, and the concept of monotheism had been known by most people, another teaching emerged. The teaching was against the principles of monotheism. The teaching that emerged in the second century of Hijra, called for polytheism and was influenced by Hinduistic teaching especially that of reincarnation. One of its teaching was refusal of revelation and prophecy. Since then, the debate on this issue emerged between its supporters and its opponents. At this condition al-Farabi came and try to combine between religion and philosophy. Al-Farabi's concept on prophecy was much influenced by Aristoteles concept of dream. Even though, Al-Farabi raised a different thought from that of Aristoteles. According to Aristoteles, dream cannot be part of revelation While al-Farabi saw that human being with his or her imagination could relate to the "heaven", and could uncover the concealed curtain. Furthermore, he saw that a dream could explain prophecy as well as revelation in the far limit. He also saw that prophet had a divine power as result of the revelation he received. From his point of view, it may be concluded that Al-Farabi put himself in the middle position, between reason and revelation and between philosophy and religion. [Setelah Islam (dengan ajaran tauhidnya) tersebar di wilayah yang luas, ajaran tauhid yang dibawanya banyak dianut orang, muncul pemikiran-pemikiran dan ajaran-ajaran yang menentang prinsip-prinsip ajaran tauhid. Ajaran-ajaran tersebut muncul pada abad ke II Hijrah yang mengajak kepada politheisme. Ajaran-ajaran ini muncul terutama di Persi dengan membawa warna Hindu yaitu ajaran reinkamasi. Salah satu pokok ajarannya adalah penolakan terhadap wahyu dan kenabian, Dari sini muncullah pendekatan-pendekatan antara pendukung dan penolak wahyu dan kenabian. Dalam situasi yang penuh dengan perdebatan dan pertentangan ini muncullah Al-farabi yang berusaha mencari jalan tengah antara filsafat dan agama. Pandangan Al-Farabi tentang kenabian banyak dipengaruhi oleh pandangan Aristoteles tentang mimpi. Meskipun demikian ada perbedaan asasi antara Al-Farabi dan Aristoteles. Aristoteles berpandangan bahwa mimpi tidak mungkin menjadi bagian dari wahyu llahi. Sementara itu Al-Farabi berpendapat bahwa manusia dengan daya imajinasinya dapat berhubungan dengan "alam yang tinggi" serta dapat menyingkap tabir gaib. Selanjutnya dia berpendapat bahwa mimpi dapat menjelaskan kenabian dan wahyu sampai batas yang jauh. Al-Farabi juga berpandangan bahwa seorang nabi mempunyai kekuatan Ilahiyah yang merupakan hasil dari wahyu yang diterima. Dari pandangan-pandangan yang dimunculkan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa  Al-Farabi menempatkan dirinya di posisi tengah antara akal dan wahyu atau antara agama dan filsafat. Dari sini dia telah memberikan dalil-dalil ahli tentang kenabian.