J. Emerson Raja
Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, 75450, Melaka,

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A Systematic Review on Emotion Recognition System Using Physiological Signals: Data Acquisition and Methodology Tawsif K.; Nor Azlina Ab. Aziz; J. Emerson Raja; J. Hossen; Jesmeen M. Z. H.
Emerging Science Journal Vol 6, No 5 (2022): October
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-05-017

Abstract

Emotion recognition systems (ERS) have become a popular research field to contribute to human-machine interaction in different areas. Different kinds of applications on ERS can serve different purposes. Artificial intelligence (AI) and the internet of things (IoT) are the technologies behind such applications. The main objective of this study is to enable researchers and developers to search for the most suitable options to develop an emotional state recognition system. More specifically, this paper presents work on ERS, which is built using physiological signals extracted from biosensors. It also presents details of how the extracted physiological signals are used to identify the user's emotional state. In this review, the sensors are categorized based on their modality: contact-based sensors and contactless sensors. Next, the ERS process is presented together with the reported results for each described technique. Articles from four different research databases were reviewed, of which 147 articles from 2009 to 2021 were referred to that are related to ERS using physiological signals. This paper should be significant for researchers developing systems that integrate human emotion recognition capability. The findings reported here can guide them in choosing suitable methods for their systems. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-05-017 Full Text: PDF
Evaluation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Emotions Recognition using Electrocardiogram Chy Mohammed Tawsif Khan; Nor Azlina Ab Aziz; J. Emerson Raja; Sophan Wahyudi Bin Nawawi; Pushpa Rani
Emerging Science Journal Vol 7, No 1 (2023): February
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-01-011

Abstract

In recent studies, researchers have focused on using various modalities to recognize emotions for different applications. A major challenge is identifying emotions correctly with only electrocardiograms (ECG) as the modality. The main objective is to reduce costs by using single-modality ECG signals to predict human emotional states. This paper presents an emotion recognition approach utilizing the heart rate variability features obtained from ECG with feature selection techniques (exhaustive feature selection (EFS) and Pearson’s correlation) to train the classification models. Seven machine learning (ML) models: multi-layer perceptrons (MLP), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), Logistic Regression, Adaboost and Extra Tree classifier are used to classify emotional state. Two public datasets, DREAMER and SWELL are used for evaluation. The results show that no particular ML works best for all data. For DREAMER with EFS, the best models to predict valence, arousal, and dominance are Extra Tree (74.6%), MLP and DT (74.6%), and GBDT and DT (69.8%), respectively. Extra tree with Pearson’s correlation are the best method for the ECG SWELL dataset and provide 100% accuracy. The usage of Extra tree classifier and feature selection technique contributes to the improvement of the model accuracy. Moreover, the Friedman test proved that ET is as good as other classification models for predicting human emotional state and ranks highest. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-01-011 Full Text: PDF