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All Journal Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia Wacana: Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia
Husen, Ida Sundari
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Arts Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Library & Information Science Social Sciences

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Masalah Pendidikan di Prancis Dalam Karya Rabelais, Montaigne dan Rousseau Husen, Ida Sundari
Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia Vol. 6, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

In the 16th., 17th. and 18th. century, the first ideas of educative reform in France appeared in litterary master pieces. Rabelais wrote his critics and proposals on child education in his stories Pantagruel (1532) and Gargantua (1534), developped later in the Essays (three volumes) written by Montaigne and in Rousseau’novel, Emile. Actually the same ideas were supported also by Descartes in Discours de la Méthode (1637) and Voltaire in L’Ingénu (1767). The central issue was the opposition between the old system of education focusing on learning by heart and theories and the system they proposed which gave importance on the formation of the way of thinking, in a pleasant learning atmosphere, in relation to real life and nature. Officially French education reform was started by the Minister of Education Jules Ferry in 1880 in the decrees proclaming compulsory education in the primary school, free of charge, and the separation between secular and religious education
Komedi sebagai Sarana Kritik Sosial dalam Kesusastraan Prancis Abad ke-17 dan 18 Husen, Ida Sundari
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 5, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The aim of comedy as a work of drama is to entertanin and ciritcize by making fun of the human characters and flaws or helpless situation. Comedy also makes fun of people from the county side who imitate the ways the Parisians dress and talk in exaggerated way. The works of the well-known comedy writers like Moli re (1622-1673), Marivaux (1688-1763) and Beaumarchais (1732-1799) deal with universal characters and problems, stereotypical human flaws, for example, stinginess, hypocrisy, arrogance, and snobbism.
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