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All Journal Journal of Dentistry Indonesia Makara Journal of Health Research
Ab Malik, Normaliza
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Dentistry

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Preventive Behaviors, Barriers, and Drivers of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia: A Cross-sectional Survey Ab Malik, Normaliza; Mohd, Rusyda Helma; Abdul Kadir, Nor Ba'yah
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 25, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health concern worldwide. This study aimed to assess the preventive behaviors, barriers, and drivers, including the knowledge and self-efficacy of COVID-19 in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during the COVID-19 outbreak by using a self-administered questionnaire. The instrument used was adopted from the World Health Organization resources. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the categorical data. Chi-square and independent t-test were performed to evaluate the associations between the variables and preventive behaviors. Results: A total of 465 (97.3%) respondents were recorded. The mean age was 34.3 ± 11.8 years old. A high percentage of the respondents (99.4%) were aware of the COVID-19 outbreak, and their knowledge mean score was 18.74 (Standard Deviation [SD]: 2.51). The mean scores of self-efficacy, barriers, and drivers were 11.07 (SD: 1.72), 5.20 (SD: 2.81), and 39.71 (SD: 5.17), respectively. Barriers (Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.10; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.01, 1.21; p < 0.05) and drivers (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.17; p < 0.001) were found to be predictors for social distancing practices. Conclusions: Knowledge and self-efficacy were found to be at good levels, whereas self-efficacy, barriers, and drivers were revealed to be the predictive factors in determining the preventive behaviors. Adherence to preventive measures was largely affected by the behavioral drivers.
Use of Audio Devices to Increase Preventive Health Behavior during Dental Visits Ab Malik, Normaliza; Jaafar, Azlan; Hashim Ali, Aws; Helma Mohd, Rusyda; Abdul Kadir, Nor Ba'yah
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 26, No. 2
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Background: Compliance with preventive health behavior is crucial during dental visits. This study investigated using an audio device to increase dental patients’ preventive health behavior. Methods: A randomized control study was conducted in private dental practices. The test group listened to an audio device containing public health messages related to COVID-19 and preventive health behavior. The control group listened to relaxing instrumental music with no public health messages. Results: A total of 65 participants (age 18–77 years) were allocated to each group. About 63% of the participants in the test group performed preventive health behaviors compared to the control group, but the difference was not significant. Significant differences in preventive health behavior were observed in both groups before and after treatment (p < 0.001). A significant difference in the awareness level was detected between the test and control group (p < 0.01). No significant differences were found in the knowledge and self-efficacy scores between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: An audio device used during dental treatment effectively delivered public health messages to improve preventive health behavior. Hence, an audio device can be used as alternative media to deliver public health information during dental visits.
The Cytotoxicity and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of 1’s-1’-Acetoxychavicol Acetate (Aca) on Oral Cells Sabri, Nur Umairah Atiqah; Muhammad Zahidan, Nor Syazwani; Said, Zulfahmi; Adnan, Siti Noor Adnalizawati; Ab Malik, Normaliza
Journal of Dentistry Indonesia
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Objective: Mouthwash is widely used to maintain oral health by reducing the prevalence of pathogenic microbiomes. Nonetheless, chlorhexidine, a common active ingredient, is associated with side effects including teeth staining, mucosal peeling, mouth and tongue numbness. This has prompted interest in natural alternatives. This study aimed to identify the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory properties of 1’S-1’-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) isolated from Alpinia conchigera rhizome against human primary gingival fibroblast and keratinocyte (HPGF and HPGK). Methods: Cytotoxicity of ACA (1.57 mg/mL) against HPGF and HPGK was assessed using the MTT assay. Meanwhile, the anti-inflammatory property of ACA was analyzed based on the concentration of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) synthesized by HPGF and HPGK in response to injury stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results: Treatment with ACA was non-cytotoxic to HPGF and HPGK, with cell viability maintained above 80% after 24 hours. In addition, ACA showed anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the concentration of IL-6 and LDH produced by HPGF and HPGK in response to LPS, reflecting the ACA possibly protecting the cells from inflammation. Conclusion: ACA isolated from A. conchigera rhizome demonstrated non-cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory properties in oral epithelial cells, suggesting its potential to be incorporated in the mouthwash.
Co-Authors Abdul Kadir, Nor Ba'yah Adnan, Siti Noor Adnalizawati Hashim Ali, Aws Helma Mohd, Rusyda Jaafar, Azlan Mohd, Rusyda Helma Muhammad Zahidan, Nor Syazwani Sabri, Nur Umairah Atiqah Said, Zulfahmi