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All Journal Makara Journal of Science
Desmond, Abazuh Uchenna
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Sequence Variability in the NRAMP1 Geneamong Indigenous and Exotic Chicken Types Desmond, Abazuh Uchenna; Olajide, Adekoya Khalid; Olufunmilayo, Oboh Bola
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 23, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) gene in chickens, which exists on chromosome 7, is thought to play a significant role in disease resistance. Variations in this gene have been documented and have played crucial roles in the variations in the resistance and/or susceptibility that is expressed by individuals and different groups of animal species. In this study, the NRAMP1 gene was studied for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variability between indigenous and exotic chicken breeds. The gene was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and sequenced and analyzed. Six SNPs, both synonymous and non-synonymous (C3700T, G3702C, A3712C, C3714G, C3693G, and G3705T), were detected in the gene in both indigenous and exotic chicken types. One allele form was detected among all the sample animals that were studied. A phylogenetic tree revealed that the indigenous chicken type and the exotic broiler chicken type are genetically similar with respect to this gene. However, the exotic layer chicken type is genetically suggested to be distantly related to both the indigenous and broiler chicken types, indi-cating that the gene has probably beenevolving both within and among different poultry species.
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen and Viral DNA Detection and Prevalence in Nige-ria Desmond, Abazuh Uchenna; Tola, Ohiengbomwan Onaiwu; Isaac, Adeolu; Mercy, Yusuf
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 24, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Hepatitis B infection is a major public health issue with a high mortality rate. It is caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV), a small incomplete hepadnavirus with several open reading frames (ORF). High mutation rates of the HBV ORFs due to the virus’ replicating strategy are associated with the development and emergence of mutant strains, which may result in occult infections that are undetectable by conventional diagnostic assays. In this study, we first investigated the presence and prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA among 204 patients visiting the specialist hospital in Osogbo, Nigeria, by using the Acumen diagnostic test strip kit and PCR amplification of the surface antigen gene. Then, we compared the positive results detected by both assays. The mean age of the participants was 30.5 years. Twenty-two (10.78%) cases were positive in the HBsAg test, and 69 (33.82%) cases were positive for HBV DNA. Fifty-four false-negatives (26.47%) and four false-positives (1.96%) were detected by HBsAg. The rapid diagnostic test kit is less sensitivity and has lower detection capability compared with the PCR-based assay, which indicates the presence of mutant HBV strain(s). The results of this work demonstrate that HBsAg is endemic in Nigeria and that HBV DNA is highly prevalent among the population. Our findings highlight the need for immediate action to prevent the further spread of infection.
Co-Authors Isaac, Adeolu Mercy, Yusuf Olajide, Adekoya Khalid Olufunmilayo, Oboh Bola Tola, Ohiengbomwan Onaiwu