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All Journal Fullerene Journal of Chemistry Indonesia Law Review (ILREV)
Suharnoko, Suharnoko
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Chemistry Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Legal issue on Pledge share aggrement Suharnoko, Suharnoko
Indonesia Law Review Vol. 1, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The creditors are considered as unsecured creditors if they are relying only to article 1131 and 1132 of the Civil Code. In order to become a secured creditor, a security agreement must be made. Many financial institutions are now prefer securing its credit by pledge of shares of customer's enterprise. This article focuses on the legal issues regarding the validity and execution on the pledge share agreement
CONTRACT LAW IN A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE Suharnoko, Suharnoko
Indonesia Law Review Vol. 2, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Media reports on cases of the theft of pre-paid pulses taking place nowadays have created a misunderstanding in terms of the appropriate application of criminal law. In the context of existing legal provisions concerning consumer protection as set forth both under the Consumer Protection Law as well as in part under the Telecommunications Law, law enforcement agencies are leaning towards applying general criminal provisions (theft) which, after a careful observation of the Indonesian Criminal Code, in fact do not extend to corporate criminal acts. This paper purports to explain that the currently occurring cases of the theft of pre-paid pulses should be adequately dealt with by imposing administrative sanctions by the governing and supervisory agencies, both under the Telecommunications Law as well as the Consumer Protection Law. It is proposed that it would be more effective to apply the Consumer Protection Law in such cases, as it contains provisions concerning the threat of alternative criminal punishment in the form of confinement or fines, along with additional sanctions in the form of an order to pay compensation for damages to consumers accompanied by the seizure and the halting of the application system in use by the Operator and/or CP concerned. It is proposed that in administering a proper telecommunications system to the public, the application of the Consumer Protection Law is likely to be less counterproductive as opposed to the application of general criminal provisions, considering that the latter are contradictory to the principles of legal certainty and partnership mandated under the Telecommunications Law itself.
Effect of Activated Carbon on the Combustion Characteristics of Magnesium–Sodium Nitrate Propellants Murniati, Anceu; Hardian, Arie; Arifin, Zellin Azsari; Suharnoko, Suharnoko; Gunawan, Adella Fajaretta; Aprillianti, Ranti Nur
Jurnal Kimia Fullerene Vol 11 No 2: Fullerene Journal Of Chemistry
Publisher : Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37033/fjc.v11i2.774

Abstract

Magnesium–nitrate-based propellant systems represent an alternative class of solid propellants whose combustion characteristics can be modified through composition and the use of additives. This study aims to evaluate the effect of activated carbon addition on the burning rate and combustion energy of magnesium–sodium nitrate– based propellants. Propellant samples were prepared in two compositional variations, namely NaNO₃/Mg and NaNO₃/Mg with activated carbon addition. The burning rate was measured experimentally with five replicates (n = 5), while the calorific value was determined using a bomb calorimeter. Differences in burning rate were analyzed using Welch’s t-test at a significance level of α = 0.05. The results show that the addition of activated carbon significantly reduces the burning rate of the propellant (p < 0.001). In contrast, the calorific value increased from 2395 cal g -1 to 2617 cal g -1 . These findings indicate that activated carbon modifies the combustion characteristics and contributes to the energetic properties of the system, suggesting its potential application for burning rate control in magnesium–sodium nitrate–based propellants.
Co-Authors Anceu Murniati Aprillianti, Ranti Nur Arie Hardian Arifin, Zellin Azsari Gunawan, Adella Fajaretta