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All Journal Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA) Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum
Endita Prima Ari Pratiwi
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Education Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics

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Establishing Semantok Reservoir Operation Rules to Obtain the Highest Crop Intensity in Semantok Irrigation Area Rizky Ramadhani Anwar Santosa; Endita Prima Ari Pratiwi; Istiarto
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA Vol 11 No 8 (2025): August
Publisher : Postgraduate, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v11i8.11669

Abstract

The Indonesian government is improving food security by building water infrastructure, including 61 dams for agricultural irrigation. Semantok Dam, one of these projects, serves Daerah Irigasi (D.I.) Semantok (1906 ha). However, long‐term inflow data is still lacking and the reservoir operation rules are still under development. This research aims to develop Semantok reservoir operating rules to maximize cropping intensity. Rainfall‐runoff simulation was conducted using the F.J. Mock method. Calibration (2017–2019) and verification (2020–2023) resulted in optimal parameters with minimum volume error, which were then applied to full‐period F.J. Mock simulations (1999–2023). The resulting simulated inflows was used to calculate irrigation water requirements using the Net Field Requirements  method for two cropping patterns: double cropping of rice‐secondary crops and quadruple cropping onion. The reservoir operating rules were optimized for wet, normal, and dry years (probability exceeding 35%, 50%, and 65%). This study examined cropping intensity under various hydrological conditions. Cropping Pattern (CP) I achieved 300%, 281%, and 242%, while CP II achieved 400%, 400%, and 374% in wet, normal, and dry years, respectively. Future research should optimize water allocation at the sub D.I. level to improve irrigation efficiency and agricultural profitability.
Modeling Acidity Dynamics Driven by Tidal–Rainfall Interactions in a Tropical Lowland Irrigation Network Samuel Harjanto; Endita Prima Ari Pratiwi; Joko Sujono
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 12 No. 3 (September 2026)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.26784

Abstract

Water acidity is a critical determinant of rice productivity in tidal swamp irrigation systems. In the Terusan Tengah Irrigation Area, irrigation water is characterized by high acidity, conditions that may adversely impact rice cultivation. Although extensive field measurements have confirmed the presence of acid water within the network, observational data alone cannot disentangle how acidity patterns in tidal systems are controlled by tidal advection or generated by rainfall-driven runoff. Therefore, two contrasting hydrological scenarios rain-free and post-rainfall were simulated to isolate the mechanism governing pH dynamics. This study employs conservative hydrodynamic modelling using HEC-RAS, representing pH as hydrogen ion concentration, to investigate shifts in the controlling mechanisms of acidity under two contrasting hydrological conditions: rain-free and rainfall-affected periods. The simulations were designed to distinguish pH responses driven by tidal transport from those triggered by rainfall. Under rain-free conditions, tidal inflow transports acidic water into the primary canal, causing acidity to accumulate near segments underlain by shallow pyrite layers, but pH partially recovers during ebb tide as the acidic mass is flushed seaward. In contrast, after rainfall, runoff-driven acidity converges toward the estuary and persists even during low tide, as elevated water levels and pseudo-tidal retention inhibit flushing and prolong the residence time of acidic water within the network. This behavior reflects a governing-mechanism transition: tides act merely as distributors of existing acidity during dry periods, whereas rainfall initiates acid generation and retention within the network, concentrated near the estuary. These findings enhance the understanding of acidity dynamics in the Terusan Tengah irrigation network—driven by tidal fluctuations and rainfall—and provide an initial basis for developing adaptive operational strategies to mitigate acidity accumulation and its impacts on ecosystems, crop productivity, and local livelihoods.
Co-Authors Istiarto Joko Sujono Rizky Ramadhani Anwar Santosa Samuel Harjanto