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All Journal The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Endoscopy
Bradley Jimmy Waleleng
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Medicine & Pharmacology

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The Pathophysiology Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Bradley Jimmy Waleleng; Marcellus Simadibrata; Ari Fahrial Syam
The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy VOLUME 8, ISSUE 3, December 2007
Publisher : The Indonesian Society for Digestive Endoscopy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24871/83200784-90

Abstract

ABSTRACT The incidence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), especially in Indonesia, is increasing with the change of community life-style. Also, the doctors’ perception in understanding clinical manifestation of GERD is alike in addition to the development of diagnostic facilities such as endoscopy in Indonesia. The GERD incidence in Indonesia is as high as the incidence in developed countries. Esophageal reflux develops in physiological condition, which may be found in normal individual. GERD development is caused by anatomical and physiological disorders such as hereditary or acquired factor; and other factors that may be categorized into offensive factors such as gastric acid, pepsin, bile acid, trypsin and disturbance in defensive factors such as hypotensive Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES), Transient Lower Esophageal Sphincter Relaxations (TLESR), hiatal hernia, disrupted saliva production, esophageal peristaltic disorder; as well as other factors such as genetic, diet, or certain drugs. Imbalance of such factors may cause pathological repeated esophageal reflux which may damage esophageal mucosa and lead to GERD development including all of complications.   Keywords: esophageal reflux, GERD, LES
The Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus in Female Commercial Sex Workers Bradley Jimmy Waleleng; J Kairupan; Nelly Tendean Wenas
The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy VOLUME 7, ISSUE 3, December 2006
Publisher : The Indonesian Society for Digestive Endoscopy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24871/73200657-60

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of hepatitis B infection in Indonesia was about 2-20%. To date, incidence rate of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) in female Commercial Sex Workers (CSW) in Manado was not known. Objective: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with HBV in female CSW. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic study with cross-sectional design. Target population was female CSW in Manado. Results: Of 177 subjects, age range 15-49 years (27.87 ± 7.629), the most frequent age were 20-24 years with 56 subjects (31.6%). Serum HBsAg was positive in 8 (4.5%) subjects. Serum HBsAg was positive in 8 of 143 (5.6%) subjects with intercourse frequency 5 times weekly, 8 of 142 (5.6%) subjects with sexual partner 5 per week, 1 of 41 (2.4%) subject worked as CSW 1 year, 7 of 136 (5.1%) subjects worked as CSW for more than a year, and 1 of 110 (0.9%) subjects who used condom. Conclusion: Prevalence rate of hepatitis B in female CSW in Manado was 4.5%. There was significant relationship between condom usage and the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection. There was relationship with some other risk factors but statistically insignificant. Keywords: hepatitis B virus, prevalence, commercial sex worker, condom usage
Co-Authors Ari Fahrial Syam J Kairupan Marcellus Simadibrata Nelly Tendean Wenas