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Aghus Jamaludin Kharis
Institut Teknologi dan Sains Nahdlatul Ulama Pekalongan
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Optimalisasi Kemampuan Berfikir Kritis Santri Dalam Memahami Ilmu Fikih Di Ponpes Nurul Huda Banat; Pendekatan Problem Based Learning M. Dzikrullah Faza; Aghus Jamaludin Kharis
Pekerti: Journal Pendidikan Islam dan Budi Pekerti Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): FEBRUARY
Publisher : Prodi Pendidikan Agama Islam, IAIN Sultan Amai Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58194/pekerti.v8i1.7026

Abstract

Pembelajaran fikih di pesantren masih cenderung menggunakan metode tradisional yang menempatkan ustadz sebagai pusat pembelajaran dan menekankan aspek kognitif, sehingga pengembangan kemampuan berpikir kritis santri belum optimal. Padahal, kajian fikih menuntut kecakapan menalar hukum Islam secara kontekstual, bukan sekadar menghafal teks. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji efektivitas penerapan Problem-Based Learning (PBL) dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan motivasi belajar santri. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain eksperimen murni melalui rancangan pretest–posttest control group design. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas kelas eksperimen yang menerapkan PBL dan kelas kontrol yang menggunakan pembelajaran klasikal pesantren. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes kemampuan berpikir kritis dan angket motivasi belajar, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, paired sample t-test, dan independent sample t-test. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kedua kelompok (p < 0,05), dengan rata-rata skor post-test kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelas kontrol. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa PBL efektif meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan motivasi belajar santri dalam memahami persoalan fikih secara kontekstual. Sehingga pembelajaran fikih tidak lagi terbatas pada penguasaan teks, melainkan mengarah pada penguatan penalaran hukum Islam.
Comparative Analysis Of Salam, Samsarah, And Wakalah As Shariah Compliant Models For Dropshipping Transactions M. Dzikrullah Faza; Aghus Jamaludin Kharis; Ouedraogo Saidou
Hukum Islam Vol 25 No 2 (2025): Islamic Law
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24014/hi.v25i2.38510

Abstract

This study proposes a new comparative fiqh framework to reassess the Sharīʿah legality of dropshipping practices by systematically mapping their business characteristics against the pillars and conditions of three classical contracts—Salam, Samsarah, and Wakālah—within the context of contemporary e-commerce and platform-based trade, which has not yet been comprehensively formulated in previous studies of fiqh al-muʿāmalāt. The research employs a qualitative approach using content analysis and literature review, focusing on classical and contemporary fiqh texts. The analysis applies muqāranah al-madhāhib, synthesized with maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, through the methods of taḥqīq al-manāṭ and qiyās istinbāṭī. The findings indicate that although the dropshipping model is efficient in addressing capital and inventory constraints for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), it fundamentally violates the principle of Bayʿ Mā Lā Yamlik (selling what one does not own) and is highly susceptible to gharar concerning ownership (milkiyyah), product specifications, and delivery time. Consequently, Sharīʿah law requires dropshippers to promptly convert their contractual status. This study proposes three Sharīʿah-compliant alternatives: Samsarah, Wakālah or Salam. The study concludes that Wakālah represents the lowest gharar-risk model and offers the most consistent framework for clarifying ownership, risk allocation, and contractual responsibility among the parties involved in the transaction chain.
Co-Authors M. Dzikrullah Faza M. Dzikrullah Faza Ouedraogo Saidou