Ayub
Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

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Imam al-Syāfi’ī dalam Kesarjanaan Barat: Tesis Schachtian dan Kritik Terhadapnya Ayub Ayub
Kalimah: Jurnal Studi Agama dan Pemikiran Islam Vol 20, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/klm.v1i1.6612

Abstract

 Abstract Based on his study on the works of Imam al-Shafi'i, Joseph Schacht (d. 1969) formulated a thesis that raises doubts about the authenticity of the hadith narrations and the reliability of traditional Islamic historiography.This article will discuss the thesis and its responses in the context of the methodological assumptions of Western scholarship. Therefore, this paper will firstly explore these assumptions and methods before demonstrating their application in the debates of Western scholars about Imam al-Syafi'ī, both those who reject the reliability of the Islamic tradition and those who support it. This research is a literature research with content analysis approach. This paper concludes that after Schacht, many Western scholars used his method or developed their own thesis on al-Shafi'ī in line with Schacht’s thesis, however, many scholars also have criticized the Schachtian theses and methodology. The dialectical process must be understood as an implication of the historical critical method they use. This method is built on assumptions that are the result of the historical experience of the Western civilization. In other words, the method is far from absolute and universal, and therefore open to criticism.Keywords: Imam al-Syāfi’ī, Western scholarship on Islam, Islamic intellectual history, Orientalism AbstrakMakalah ini akan mediskusikan posisi Imam al-Syāfi’ī (w. 820) dalam tesis-tesis sarjana Barat dan implikasinya dalam narasi sejarah intelektual Islam. Salah satu narasi utama dalam kesarjanaan Barat yang muncul dari kajian terhadap Imam al-Syāfi’ī adalah adanya anggapan yang meragukan autentisitas hadis dan realibilitas historiografi tradisional. Tesis tersebut terekspresikan dengan tegas dalam karya-karya Joseph Schacht (w. 1969). Artikel ini akan mendiskusikan tesis tersebut dan respon-respon terhadapnya dalam konteks asumsi-asumsi metodologis kesarjanaan Barat. Oleh karena itu, makalah ini juga akan mengurai asumsi dan metode tersebut sebelum menunjukan pengaplikasiannya dalam perdebatan sarjana Barat tentang sosok Imam al-Syāfi’ī, baik yang mereka yang menolak realibilitas tradisi Islam maupun yang mendukungnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian literatur dengan pendekatan konten analisis. Makalah ini menyimpulkan bahwa setelah Schacht, banyak peneliti yang memakai metode atau mengembangkan tesisnya tentang al-Syafi’i, namun demikian banyak pula peneliti yang mengajukan kritik. Proses dialektika tersebut harus dipahami sebagai implikasi dari metode kritik historis yang mereka gunakan. Metode ini dibangun di atas asumsi-asumsi yang merupakan hasil dari pengalaman sejarah Barat. Dengan kata lain, metode tersebut bukan sesuatu yang mutlak dan universal sehingga tetap terbuka untuk dikritisi.Kata Kunci: Imam al-Syāfi’ī, kajian Islam di Barat, sejarah intelektual Islam, Orientalisme  
Accepting Evolution Entails Kufr ?: A Critical Appraisal of Nuh Ha Mim Keller’s Fatwa Shoaib Ahmed Malik; Elvira Kulieva; Ayub Ayub
Jurnal Studi Ilmu-ilmu Al-Qur'an dan Hadis Vol. 22 No. 2 (2021): Juli
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/qh.2021.2202-12

Abstract

Muslim scholars who oppose the compatibility of Islam and evolution usually advance three kinds of arguments: scientific, metaphysic, and hermeneutic. This paper will examine the position of Nuh Ha Mim Keller, a prominent Sunni scholar who employ these three lines of arguments and proposes that believing in human evolution entails kufr. In this article we will critically analyze Keller’s understanding of the science of evolution in which he claims that the theory of evolution is not robust. We argue that through the consilience of induction, evolution is the best explanation for the biological origins and diversity. We also argue that a more nuanced understanding of the metaphysical and hermeneutical aspects of Islam and evolution debate would reveal that Keller’s anti-evolution claims are unwarranted, including his accusation of kufr against those who accept human evolution.
MU’TAZILA IN WESTERN SCHOLARSHIP: THEIR ORIGIN, ORIGINALITY, AND LEGACY Ayub
Taqaddumi: Journal of Quran and Hadith Studies Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (326.938 KB) | DOI: 10.12928/taqaddumi.v1i2.4676

Abstract

Abstract Mu'tazila is one of the schools of kalam that appears in Islamic intellectual history. Although considered a heresy, the Mu'tazilite scholars played an important role in the development of various traditional Islamic disciplines. Initially, Western historians considered Mu'tazila rationalism as an anomaly in Islamic history. However, various studies show that they are not only an integral part of the Islamic intellectual tradition, but they have also even influenced Islamic scholars from various Islamic schools of thought in the next generation. This article will focus on the narrative of the Mu'tazila in Western scholarship by focusing on the history of its early emergence and development, the originality of the theological and philosophical ideas they developed, and their intellectual legacy in Islamic intellectual history. This research is library research with content analysis approach. This article shows that despite their adoption of foreign concepts and methods, especially from Greek philosophers, Mu'tazilite thinkers had developed their own original ideas. Furthermore, this paper will also discuss Mu'tazila's influence on scholars who came after them, not only in Islamic theology, but also in other fields of Islamic sciences.