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p-Index From 2021 - 2026
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This Author published in this journals
All Journal Shirkah: Journal of Economics and Business
Tawfik Azrak
Social Sciences University of Ankara
Economics, Econometrics & Finance

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The Role of Islamic and Conventional Microfinance in Tackling Financial Exclusion in Bangladesh, Nigeria, and Uganda Tawfik Azrak; Muzamil Edema
Shirkah: Journal of Economics and Business Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22515/shirkah.v7i2.478

Abstract

There has been to pertinent study considering the growth of Islamic and conventional microfinance institutions as an antecedent of financial inclusion in Bangladesh, Nigeria, and Uganda in a single study. Adults who are financially excluded make up sizable numbers in Bangladesh, Nigeria, and Uganda, the three OIC countries. Financial exclusion has been addressed through the establishment of microfinance institutions. This study attempts to review the contribution of Islamic and conventional microfinance institutions established in these countries in tackling financial exclusion. The study used the data from the Global Findex Database of the World Bank and IMF Financial Access Survey to draw a comparative image of financial access among the countries. The evidence indicated that there are significant financial gaps across the countries and hence a huge opportunity for Islamic microfinance with its vast range of financial products could be implemented to spur economic growth and tackle financial exclusion. Policymakers can use the study's findings to entice and build new microfinance institutions with broadly inclusive products for all populations of these countries.
Exploring the Symbiotic Link: Co-Integration Analysis of the Egyptian Stock Exchange and International Equity Markets Tawfik Azrak; Omar Alaeddin
Shirkah: Journal of Economics and Business Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22515/shirkah.v9i2.610

Abstract

The present study addresses the limited discussion on the equity market in the Middle East and North African region (MENA) concerning the spill-over effects from international equity markets. By employing time series techniques, we examine the integration and causality of interdependencies among five major stock exchange markets worldwide: USA, UK, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Japan, along with their relationship with the Egypt Stock Exchange market. Spanning from March 1998 to January 2018, our study uniquely considers the interaction between developed and developing countries. Our co-integration findings reveal the limitations of international diversification for investors with long holding periods. We highlight the importance of seeking non-co-integrated markets, such as Malaysia and Hong Kong, which were found to be insignificant in this study, for investors aiming to diversify their portfolios and explore interesting long and short-term investment opportunities.
Co-Authors Muzamil Edema Omar Alaeddin