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All Journal INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY JTAM (Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Matematika)
Aftab Ahmad, Aftab
Jeddah Community College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology

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SYNTHESIS, COMPUTER AIDED SCREENING AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF 2/3-SUBSTITUTED-6(4-METHYLPHENYL)-4,5-DIHYDROPYRIDAZIN3(2H)-ONES, AND PYRIDAZINE SUBSTITUTED TRIAZINE Khokra, Sukhbir Lal; Seth, Sonakshi; Garg, Shama S; Kaushik, Pawan; Ahmad, Aftab; Khan, Shah Alam; Husain4, Asif
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Vol 26 No 4, 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (15.106 KB) | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm26iss4pp200

Abstract

The present research work involved synthesis of some new pyridazine derivatives and evaluation of their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in experimental animals to obtain safer non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs). Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction of succinic anhydride with toluene in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride gave 4-(4-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-butanoic acid (1). The aryl propionic acid 1 on reaction with phenyl hydrazine and hydrazine hydrate yielded the pyridazinone derivative 2 and 3, respectively. Reaction of the compound 3 with phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3) produced the corresponding chloropyridazine derivative 4. A 4-hydroxymethyl derivative of dihydropyridazinone (5) was synthesized by condensing 3 with methanol and formaldehyde (HCHO). The compound 5 on further treatment with guanidine hydrochloride in ethanol gave the pyridazino-triazine (6). The synthesized compounds were investigated for their analgesic activity in mice and anti-inflammatory activity in Wistar albino rats. The molecular, pharmacokinetic and toxicity properties of the synthesized compounds were calculated by Molinspiration and Osiris property explorer software. The results of in-vivo anti-inflammatory studies revealed that the compound. 4 showed maximum inhibition in paw edema volume followed by compound 3 while the compound 4 exhibited excellent  peripheral analgesic activity (74%) followed by the compound 5. Compound s 4 and 5 also showed good central analgesic effect increased the reaction time to 90 minutes. All the title compounds except compound 5 are predicted to be safe by Osiris online software and are likely to have good oral bioavailability as they obey Lipinski’s rule of five for drug likeness.Keywords:  Pyridazinone, Hydrazine derivatives, Chloropyridazine, Triazin-2-imine.
Fuzzy Logic Speed Regulator for D.C. Motor Tuning Raza, Wasim; Adzikya, Dieky; Mehmood, Saba; Wasti, Syeda Rabbia; Hussain, Muhammad Jafar; Ahmad, Aftab; Usman, Muhammad Talha; Raza, Sajid
JTAM (Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Matematika) Vol 8, No 1 (2024): January
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31764/jtam.v8i1.16919

Abstract

A D.C. motor's rotational speed is regulated in this study using a PID controller and a fuzzy logic controller. In contrast to the fuzzy logic controller, which uses rules based on knowledge and experience, the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller requires a mathematical system model.   This study investigates the regulation of a DC motor's velocity using PID and fuzzy logic controllers. The PID controller utilizes a mathematical model and parameter tuning by trial and error. Still, the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) operates on rule-based knowledge, enabling it to handle the nonlinear features of the DC motor effectively. The FLC design entails intricate determinations, including the establishment of a rule base and the process of fuzzification. A total of 49 fuzzy rules have been devised to achieve precise control. Based on MATLAB/SIMULINK simulations, the study concludes that the Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) beats the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. The FLC exhibits superior transient and steady-state responses, shorter response times, reduced steady-state errors, and higher precision. This study emphasizes the efficacy of the FLC (Fuzzy Logic Controller) in dealing with the difficulties associated with DC motor control. It presents a strong argument for the suitability and efficiency of FLCs in industrial environments compared to conventional PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controllers. There are a wide variety of ways to construct a fuzzy logic controller. The speed error and the rate of change in the speed error are two inputs to the FLC. Defuzzification is done by focusing on the core of the problem. The results show that FLC is superior to PID controllers in efficiency and effectiveness due to its reduced transient and steady-state factors.
Co-Authors Adzikya, Dieky Asif Husain4, Asif Hussain, Muhammad Jafar Mehmood, Saba Pawan Kaushik, Pawan Raza, Sajid Raza, Wasim Shah Alam Khan Shama S Garg, Shama S Sonakshi Seth, Sonakshi Sukhbir Lal Khokra, Sukhbir Lal Usman, Muhammad Talha Wasti, Syeda Rabbia