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All Journal AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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Chemical Properties and Micromorphology of Biochars Resulted from Pyrolysis of Agricultural Waste at Different Temperature Nur Indah Mansyur; Eko Hanudin; Benito Heru Purwanto; Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 44, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v41i0.3085

Abstract

Biochar quality is influenced by the type of its raw material and pyrolysis temperature. Nevertheless, the quality criteria of biochar as a nutrient carrier remain unanswered. This study aimed to find the chemical properties, micromorphology, and optimum pyrolysis temperature from various agricultural wastes to obtain good biochar as a nutrient carrier. This experiment was conducted at three level temperatures: 400, 500, and 600°C, and the raw materials were coconut shells, oil palm shells, and corn stalks. The chemical and physical properties of biochar were: pH-H2O, OC, CEC, total N, P, K, Mg, Ca, and Na, ash, functional groups, amorphous carbon, morphology, and SSA. The results show that the coconut shells and oil palm shells biochars contained high levels of N-total and the chain-C aromatic, and the pore structure was solid and regular. Corn stalks biochar containing ash is high, and C-aromatic is low and fragile. Increased temperature of pyrolysis produced well-crystallized minerals. It is concluded that 500°C is the optimum temperature for oil palm shells pyrolysis resulting in biochar with the highest C-aromatic structure and arrangement of pores which are strong, regular and uniform, and high stability, but the nutrient content was low.
Carbon Stock, Carbon Fraction and Nitrogen Fraction of Soil Under Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper Back.) and Non-Bamboo Vegetation Lintang Panjali Siwi Pambayun; Benito Heru Purwanto; Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 38, No 2 (2023): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v38i2.75881

Abstract

The type of vegetation and soil organic matter affect the carbon fraction, nitrogen fraction and soil carbon stocks that contribute to the global carbon cycle. Therefore, the calculation of the composition of the fractions in different land covers is very important as a potential indicator of the effect of land management practices on soil organic carbon dynamics and supports the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) and soil carbon storage. This research aimed to determine the composition of the carbon fraction, nitrogen fraction and soil carbon stock in different land cover. There were six types of land cover with vegetations of 10-year-old bamboo, 30-year-old bamboo, 50-year-old bamboo, bulrush, a mixture of brushwood and bulrush, and a mixture of Albizia falcataria and brushwood, each of which was sampled three times. Soil samples were used to determine microbial biomass, particulate organic, humic acid, fulvic acid and soil carbon stock. The six land cover types showed significant differences in all fractions and soil carbon stocks. Fifty-year-old bamboo vegetation has the highest carbon storage of 0.029 g g-1 soil. The stable carbon fraction, in the form of humic acid and fulvic acid, in 50-year-old bamboo vegetation is more excellent than that in other vegetation. This study shows that 50-year-old bamboo vegetation has the potential to sequester carbon and store carbon in forms that decompose slowly, namely humic acid and fulvic acid, in the soil for a longer period.
Effect of Different Types of Biochar Applications and Phosphate Fertilizer on the Quality and Yield of Edamame Soybeans on Andisols Ramdhana Karimah; Benito Heru Purwanto; Eko Hanudin; Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami; Margi Asih Maimunah
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i1.80217

Abstract

Edamame soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivation in phosphorus-limited Andisols presents a formidable challenge due to restricted phosphorus availability despite high phosphorus retention. Unlocking the full potential of this crop demands innovative solutions. This study delves into the transformative effects of biochar and phosphorus fertilizer, individually and synergistically, on edamame soybean growth in Andisols. Employing a randomized complete block design, researchers investigate three types of biochar (B0: control, B1: biochar pellets, B2: biochar powder) and four phosphorus fertilizer rates (P0: control, P1: 27 kg ha-1 P2O5, P2: 54 kg ha-1 P2O5, P3: 81 kg ha-1 P2O5). The bamboo-derived biochar was produced using the Kon-tiki method at ±500 °C. The study reveals no significant interaction between biochar and phosphorus fertilizer. Individually, treatments with B1, B2, and phosphorus fertilizers significantly enhance ammonium, nitrate, and phosphorus availability compared to B0 and P0. Biochar-induced modifications improve phosphorus and nitrogen absorption by roots, resulting in increased shoot dry weight and the root/shoot ratio. However, the number of leaves is solely influenced by phosphorus fertilizer treatment. Additionally, both biochar and phosphorus fertilizers contribute to nitrate reductase activity, root volume, an increased number of pods per plant and higher protein content in edamame soybeans. B2 outperforms B1 and high P3 intensifies this effect, improving nutrient uptake and yield. In summary, biochar and phosphorus fertilizers demonstrate significant potential to revolutionize edamame soybean cultivation in phosphorus-limited Andisols, optimizing pod number per plant and enhancing quality with elevated protein content.
Co-Authors Benito Heru Purwanto Benito Heru Purwanto Eko Hanudin Lintang Panjali Siwi Pambayun Margi Asih Maimunah Nur Indah Mansyur Ramdhana Karimah