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All Journal Jurnal Tarbiyah : Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan GeoEco BULETIN FISIKA Jurnal Biologi Udayana
Hangga Novian Adi Putra
Universitas Udayana
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Journal : BULETIN FISIKA

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Analysis of Earthquake Hazard-Prone Areas Using Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) Values in Enggano Island, Bengkulu Putra, Hangga Novian Adi
BULETIN FISIKA Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026): BULETIN FISIKA
Publisher : Departement of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and Institute of Research and Community Services Udayana University, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Badung Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/BF.2026.v27.i01.p09

Abstract

Enggano Island is one of the oceanic islands located on the outermost edge of Bengkulu Province, which makes it highly vulnerable to tectonic earthquake hazards. This study aims to analyze the level of earthquake hazard vulnerability in the Enggano Island region of Bengkulu Province by utilizing Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) values as the main indicator for assessing earthquake hazard potential. This study was conducted using 37 earthquake events data that occurred in the vicinity of Enggano Island within the time span from 1990 to 2025. The earthquake data used in this analysis focused on events with a magnitude of 4 Mw or higher and depth less than 50 km. Based on the disaster vulnerability analysis in the Enggano Island area, the regions with the highest earthquake hazard levels are Banjar Sari, Meok, Malakoni, and also a portion of Apoho, which have a PGA range of 106 gal to 114 gal and VI MMI scale. The moderate hazard levels are upper parts of Banjar Sari, Meok, Apoho, and Malakoni, as well as the southern portions of Kaana and Kahyapu, which have a PGA range of 94 gal to 104 gal and VI MMI scale. In contrast, the areas with lower hazard levels are found in the northern parts of Kaana and Kahyapu, where the PGA ranges from 78 to 92 gal and corresponds to intensity level V on the MMI scale. This study indicates that Enggano Island falls within a moderate earthquake hazard category.
Evaluation of Oxide Layer Thickness (ZnO, Al₂O₃, BaTiO₃, TiO₂) as an Interlayer and Sensitive layer in SPR Sensors Sukma, Freygieon Ogiek Rizal; Wibawa , I Made Satriya; Putra, Hangga Novian Adi; Yogantara, Putu Gede Agus Krisna
BULETIN FISIKA Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026): BULETIN FISIKA
Publisher : Departement of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and Institute of Research and Community Services Udayana University, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Badung Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/BF.2026.v27.i01.p013

Abstract

Numerical simulation of a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensor was carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5 based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) to evaluate detection performance influenced by oxide type and thickness acting as interlayer and sensitive layer. The sensor configuration employs silver (Ag) as the plasmonic metal, while ZnO, Al₂O₃, BaTiO₃, and TiO₂ are considered as oxide materials. The presence of an oxide layer with a certain thickness gives different resonance curve characteristics due to changes in the resulting plasmonic coupling. In this study, BaTiO₃ with a thickness of 40 nm obtained the optimum condition with a minimum FWHM value, accompanied by high FOM value of around 107.75 RIU⁻¹. Meanwhile, the use of oxide materials as sensitive layers causes a shift of the resonance angle toward higher values with increasing refractive index and thickness, resulting in enhanced angular sensitivity. However, this improvement is accompanied by a broadening of the FWHM, indicating increased plasmon damping associated with the sensitive layer. Among the evaluated configurations, the BaTiO₃ (40 nm)/Ag (50 nm)/Al₂O₃ (10 nm) structure exhibits the lowest minimum reflectance and a FOM of 91.35 RIU⁻¹. Despite a marginal reduction in the FOM, the sensitivity attains about 150°/RIU, exceeding that of the configuration without a sensitive layer (120°/RIU). Field profile reveals reduced penetration depth, indicating surface-confined electromagnetic fields beneficial for gas sensing. This study provides insight into the dual role of oxide layers as interlayers and sensitive layers for optimizing electromagnetic confinement, sensitivity, and design strategy for SPR-based gas sensing platforms.
Co-Authors Dwi Saputra, M. Reza Niethammer, Manuela Siti Sholekha Sukma, Freygieon Ogiek Rizal Wahyudi Wahyudi Wibawa , I Made Satriya Widya Esti Purwaningtyas Yogantara, Putu Gede Agus Krisna