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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Social Research (IJSR) Jurnal Pemerintahan dan Kebijakan (JPK) Interdisciplinary Journal on Law, Social Sciences and Humanities
Stephen Achuo Kpwa
University of Yaoundé 1, Cameroon
Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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The Violation of Human Rights during the Bakassi Peninsula Conflict from 1965 to 2013 Stephen Achuo Kpwa
INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL ON LAW, SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES Vol 4 No 1 (2023): May 2023
Publisher : Universitas Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/idj.v4i1.38085

Abstract

The military skirmishes over the Bakassi peninsula between Cameroon and Nigeria was as a result of the vestiges of colonialism and the discovery of large deposits of natural resources in the area. This study explores the violations of human rights in the Bakassi peninsula during the Bakassi conflict. The study mainly explores how, when and where these human rights abuses were committed, and to a lesser extent why and who committed these abuses. The study adopts the qualitative research method and from it, historical consolidation and content analyses in terms of data collection. The use of secondary data, applied with the thematic approach in this study brings to the fore that there were lots of human rights violations during the Bakassi conflict in the Bakassi peninsula. This study could be utilised by researchers and policy makers to understand human rights trends in the Bakassi peninsula area. Keywords: Cameroon, Nigeria, Violations, Human Rights, Bakassi Peninsula Conflict
Militant or Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) During/After The Resolution of The Bakassi Conflict Stephen Achuo Kpwa
Jurnal Pemerintahan dan Kebijakan (JPK) Vol 4, No 3 (2023): August
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jpk.v4i3.17939

Abstract

The Bakassi peninsula conflict and its resolution had absorbed most of Cameroon and Nigeria's socio-political and economic oxygen and the international community in the 80s, 90s, and the first decade of the 21st century. Following military clashes between Cameroon and Nigeria over the peninsula, the conflict was finally resolved through the International Court of Justice (ICJ) verdict in 2002 and the Green Tree Agreement (GTA) 2006. The main thrust of this paper is to examine some militant or Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) that operated during and after the resolution of the Bakassi conflict. This paper also aims to examine the reasons why these NSAGs emerged briefly. This paper applied the qualitative research method and, from it, historical consolidation, content analyses and case studies. The study's results revealed seven prominent NSAGs that emerged during/after the resolution of the Bakassi conflict. The ICJ verdict of 2002 and the GTA of 2006 were one of prominent reasons why these NSAGs emerged. The study also found that the desire to control the area's natural resources, fight against Cameroon gendarme brutality, and the poor resettlement of the Bakassi returnees also served as springboards for the emergence of these NSAGs. Through its recommendations, this paper will help the Cameroon government redefine its policies toward ensuring and maintaining lasting peace in the Bakassi peninsula- understanding the reason for the emergence of the NSAGs, its trends, and how best to handle them.
World Court's Verdict Towards Bakassi Peninsula: Portraying Gains and Losses Stephen Achuo Kpwa
Indonesian Journal of Social Research (IJSR) Vol 4 No 2 (2022): Indonesian Journal of Social Research (IJSR)
Publisher : Universitas Djuanda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30997/ijsr.v4i2.201

Abstract

Border discords are one of Africa's unending vestiges of European colonialism/imperialism; the Bakassi peninsula dispute between Cameroon and Nigeria was one of such. The subsequent discovery of large deposits of natural resources in the Bakassi region made Cameroon and Nigeria to engage into claims and counterclaims, bilateral diplomacy, military skirmishes, and finally resorting to the World Court or International Court of Justice (ICJ) for judgement. After eight years of deliberations, the court finally adjudged and declared that Bakassi belongs to Cameroon, sparking widespread criticism from Nigeria. Popular opinion in Nigeria held/holds that Nigeria benefited little or nothing following the ICJ verdict of October 10, 2002 and that Cameroon gained exponentially. Thus, the premise of this paper is to outline the gains and losses of both Nigeria and Cameroon following the International Court of Justice’s ruling, and to debunk the Nigerian perception of the verdict being partial and willy-nilly in nature. Using the qualitative method of research, secondary data based on previous research on the Bakassi saga was used. Using content analyses on the secondary data obtained, observations were made on what both Cameroon and Nigeria lost or gained after the World Court's verdict over the Bakassi peninsula. In its findings, this paper proffers that the gains and losses accruing to both countries are evenly distributed. This research can be a springboard for Cameroon and Nigeria to look beyond their gain and losses, and jointly carryout developmental activities in the Bakassi peninsula so as avoid future ethno-nationalistic tendencies in the area
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