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All Journal IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry) Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia
Muharni Muharni
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Sriwijaya, Indralaya, Ogan Ilir, South Sumatra, 30662 Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Standardization in ethanolic extract of Paronema canescens leaves Dirli Fahmi Rizal; Muharni Muharni; Heni Yohandini; Ferlinahayati Ferlinahayati
IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry) Vol 7, No 3 (2022): October 2022
Publisher : IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24845/ijfac.v7.i3.136

Abstract

The development of traditional medicinal plants as raw materials for herbal drugs needs to be standardized. The aim of the research was to standardise ethanol extract of Paronema. canescens leaves.  The extract was determined specific and non-specific parameters. The organoleptic of  extract has a thick consistency, the colour dark brown has a characteristic non-aromatic odour, and has a slightly bitter taste. The soluble content in water and ethanol of 48.1% and 80. 3%, respectively. The extract contains triterpenoid compounds, steroids, flavonoids and phenols with water content was 8.33%, total ash content of 5.36%,  acid insoluble ash content of 2.16%,  drying shrinkage of 8.0%,  specific gravity of 1.255 g/ml, metal contamination Pb < 0.0628 mg/g, Cd 0.0077 mg/Kg and Cu 0.00282 mg/g, total bacterial  of 0.9 x 101 colonies/g and mould contamination with a value of 0.15 x 101 colonies/g, respectively. Based on the data, all the parameters were measured to meet the standardKeywords: Paronema canescens, standardised, specific parameter, non specific parameter
Triterpenoid betulinaldehyde and betulinic acid from the stem bark of Dillenia ochreata (Miq.) Teijsm. & Binn. ex Martelli Muharni Muharni; Fadhilla Putria Gunanda; Suci Marzulia Rahman; Heni Yohandi; Julinar Julinar
Molekul Vol 21 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2026.21.2.19276

Abstract

Dillenia ochreata is a traditional medicinal plant used to treat scurvy.The pharmacological activity of D. ochreata as a scurvy drug was related to the content of secondary metabolite compounds.The research aimed to isolate and determine the structure of compounds from the stem bark of D. ochreata and assess their antibacterial activity. The extraction used the maceration method with graded polarity (n-hexane and ethyl acetate).The separation and purification using chromatography methods. The structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses using FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. The compounds were tested for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using the diffusion method, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the microdilution method. Two compounds, betulinaldehyde (1) and betulinic acid (2), have been isolated. Betulinaldehyde (1) showed weak antibacterial activity against E. coli with a minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 120 μg/mL and moderate activity against S. aureus (MIC 15 μg/mL), while betulinic acid (2) showed weak activity against both bacteria (MIC 120 μg/mL). The betulinaldehyde and betulinic acid were first reported from D. ochreata.
Co-Authors Dirli Fahmi Rizal Fadhilla Putria Gunanda Ferlinahayati Ferlinahayati Heni Yohandi Heni Yohandini Julinar Julinar Suci Marzulia Rahman