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All Journal The Indonesian Biomedical Journal
Andi Wijaya
Prodia Clinical Laboratory. Jl. Supratman No 43. Bandung 40114
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Public Health

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Targeting Metastatic Cancer: Disseminated Tumor Cells and Premetastatic Niches Anna Meiliana; Nurrani Mustika Dewi; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 14, No 4 (2022)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v14i4.2035

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Metastases are simply known as cancers spread to another part of the body, and often be responsible for the severity of cancer prognosis. Somehow, the complex mechanisms of metastases are not fully understood yet.CONTENT: The characteristic of cancer is akin to a never-healing wound. Cancer cells are plastic and dynamic as they build their niches and developed into metastases, even when they seem dormant. Therefore, cancer cells can survive the immune system. Recent research has shown the distinct biology of metastasis-initiating cell, which leads to tumor development in distant organs, immune surveillance evasion, and co-option of metastatic micro-environments. Effective cancer therapies must consider the regenerative states of metastatic malignancies and have careful observation of patient phenotypes.SUMMARY: This review aimed to provide an insight on genesis and characteristics of metastases, starting from its seeding and dormancy, until the advance phase. Thus, developing therapy for cancer metastases should not start as it grows, but even as earlier strategies since the primary tumor was detected.KEYWORDS: cancer metastasis, DTC, CTC, CSC, dormancy, pre-metastatic niche, plasticity
Combining Epigenetic and Immunotherapy in Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms Anna Meiliana; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i1.2062

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Immunotherapy, particularly the idea of immune checkpoint blockage is currently draw much attention in cancer treatment. It has been approved as an adjuvant, however, it cannot be a single cancer treatment.CONTENT: The discovery of the basic ligand-receptor interactions between immune and cancer cells inside the tumor microenvironment has led to the current interest in immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibition. Different ligands produced by cancer cells interact with immune cells' surface receptors, activating inhibitory pathways, such programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), that cause immune cells to become immunologically tolerant. On the other side, epigenetic modulators also play a critical role in enhancing the tumor microenvironment and regaining immunological recognition and immunogenicity. Some findings showed that such immune suppression can be reversed through various mechanisms involving antigens pathways, immune genetic, and epigenetic pathways. These findings have created a very encouraging foundation for research on the combination of epigenetic and immunotherapeutic drugs as cancer treatments.SUMMARY: The effectiveness of this suggested paradigm can only be demonstrated by clinical studies. Epigenetic treatment might replace immune checkpoint therapy as a powerful new cancer care technique that is generally well tolerated and should be proven with adequate clinical trials.KEYWORDS: epigenetics, immunotherapy, PTM, DNMT, HDAC, immune check point
Co-Authors Anna Meiliana Nurrani Mustika Dewi