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Journal : International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering

NBLex: emotion prediction in Kannada-English code-switch text using naïve bayes lexicon approach Ramesh Chundi; Vishwanath R. Hulipalled; Jay Bharthish Simha
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 13, No 2: April 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v13i2.pp2068-2077

Abstract

Emotion analysis is a process of identifying the human emotions derived from the various data sources. Emotions can be expressed either in monolingual text or code-switch text. Emotion prediction can be performed through machine learning (ML), or deep learning (DL), or lexicon-based approach. ML and DL approaches are computationally expensive and require training data. Whereas, the lexicon-based approach does not require any training data and it takes very less time to predict the emotions in comparison with ML and DL. In this paper, we proposed a lexicon-based method called non-binding lower extremity exoskeleton (NBLex) to predict the emotions associated with Kannada-English code-switch text that no one has addressed till now. We applied the One-vs-Rest approach to generate the scores for lexicon and also to predict the emotions from the code-switch text. The accuracy of the proposed model NBLex (87.9%) is better than naïve bayes (NB) (85.8%) and bidirectional long short-term memory neural network (BiLSTM) (84.7%) and for true positive rate (TPR), the NBLex (50.6%) is better than NB (37.0%) and BiLSTM (42.2%). From our approach, it is observed that a simple additive model (lexicon approach) can also be an alternative model to predict the emotions in code-switch text.
Identification of monolingual and code-switch information from English-Kannada code-switch data Ramesh Chundi; Vishwanath R. Hulipalled; Jay Bharthish Simha
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 13, No 5: October 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v13i5.pp5632-5640

Abstract

Code-switching is a very common occurrence in social media communication, predominantly found in multilingual countries like India. Using more than one language in communication is known as code-switching or code-mixing. Some of the important applications of code-switch are machine translation (MT), shallow parsing, dialog systems, and semantic parsing. Identifying code-switch and monolingual information is useful for better communication in online networking websites. In this paper, we performed a character level n-gram approach to identify monolingual and code-switch information from English-Kannada social media data. We paralleled various machine learning techniques such as naïve Bayes (NB), support vector classifier (SVC), logistic regression (LR) and neural network (NN) on English-Kannada code-switch (EKCS) data. From the proposed approach, it is observed that the character level n-gram approach provides 1.8% to 4.1% of improvement in terms of Accuracy and 1.6% to 3.8% of improvement in F1-score. Also observed that SVC and NN techniques are outperformed in terms of accuracy (97.9%) and F1-score (98%) with character level n-gram.