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CONTRACT OF WORK AS AN INTERNATIONALIZED CONTRACT: A SUI GENERIS RELATION OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT Saraswati, Nanda
Jurnal Media Hukum Vol 22, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jmh.2015.0050.110-126

Abstract

Contract of work is an agreement made between the government of the Republic of Indonesia with foreign companies, and or joint ventures between foreign companies with domestic legal entities to carry out exploration and exploitation in general mining or oil and gas out of the earth, in the time period agreed by both parties. One of the foreign companies in cooperation with the Indonesian government in this field is PT Newmont Nusa Tenggara which form the contract of work in the field of utilization and development of mining potential in Indonesia. However, Act No. 25 of 2007 on Investment, Chapter IV of Form and Position Enterprises in Article 5, paragraph 2 requires that the foreign investment shall be in the form of a limited liability company based on Indonesian law and domiciled in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia, unless specified otherwise by law. Therefore, a contract of work is often regarded as a national contract by many parties. Others suggested that such contract which involves foreign investment transaction is sui generis, or in other words a quasi-public international contract. This paper will discuss the foreign elements of the contract and conclude that the contract of work can be categorized as an international contract.
QUALITY TEST OF SAPPAN WOOD (Caesalpinia sappan L.) EXTRACT TONER Prasdiantika, Ricka; Saraswati, Nanda; Tolkhah, Ronal
Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis Vol 11 No 2 (May-August 2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/pharmacy.v11i2.11813

Abstract

The skin is the body's outermost organ that continuously interacts with the surrounding environment. Free radical exposure, unpredictable weather, and outdoor activities cause skin damage, necessitating the use of skincare products such as toners containing antioxidants. Natural antioxidants could be obtained from woody plants like sappanwood (Caesalpinia sappan L.). This research aimed to create a toner preparation from sappanwood extract and test the physical quality of the preparation. The quality tests conducted on the toner preparation included organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, and viscosity tests. The method used in this research was quantitative descriptive. The toner preparation was made in four variations of sappanwood extract concentrations: 0%, 1%, 2%, and 4%. The organoleptic test results showed that all four formulas had a liquid form and an oleum rosae scent. F0 was clear in color, FI was red, FII was dark red, and FIII was reddish-brown. The pH test results for F0, FI, FII, and FIII were 5.43±0.015, 5.16±0.006, 5.02±0.006, and 4.96±0.006, respectively. The homogeneity test results for all four formulas showed homogeneous results, with no coarse particles or clumps. The viscosity test results F0, FI, FII, and FIII were 3.17±0.058 cP, 3.67±0.058 cP, 3.83±0.058 cP, and 3.97±0.058 cP, respectively. The results of the organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, and viscosity tests indicated that the sappanwood extract toner preparation met the requirements for a skin-cleansing toner.