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All Journal Majalah Obat Tradisional Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia
Shintia Lintang Charisma
Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Purwokerto, Central Java
Chemistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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The in-vitro Antioxidant Properties of Crude Drugs Traditionally Used for Diabetes Management in Northern Banyumas Dwi Hartanti; Shintia Lintang Charisma; Widya Agustina; Rizky Destya Sary; Denia Awanda Putri; Alwani Hamad
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 27, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.76958

Abstract

Chinaberry (Melia azedarach L.) leaves, Malayan cherry (Muntingia calabura L.) fruits, and Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp.) H.Rob.) leaves are used for traditional diabetes treatment by Banyumas (Central Java, Indonesia) people. This study characterized selected quality parameters, evaluated the in-vitro antioxidant activity as the preliminary assay for its antidiabetic activity, and calculated the total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenolic content (TPC) of those crude drugs. The plant materials of each species were collected from three different areas in Banyumas and dried into crude drugs. The quality parameters were determined according to the standard method in the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopeia (IHP) 2017. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the standard 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, while TFC and TPC were analyzed following standard methods in IHP 2017. The correlations between antioxidant activities and the TFC-TPC were analyzed by Pearson's correlation test. The values for acid-insoluble ash, loss on drying, total ash, ethanol extractable, and water-extractable of all crude drugs were quantified, with TPC and TFC proposed as the chemical content parameter for Malayan cherry fruits and Yacon leaves. Yacon leaves and Malayan cherry fruits contained the highest TFC and TPC at 8.01±0.72 mg Quercetin equivalent (QE)/g dry weight (DW) and 11.54±1.44 mg Gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g DW, respectively. Malayan cherry fruits exerted the strongest DPPH scavenging activity (366.13±17.65 mM Trolox equivalent (TE)/g DW) and FRAP (1025.33±50.47 mM TE/g DW). Moderate to strong correlations were observed between DPPH radical scavenging activity – FRAP and TFC-TPC of Malayan cherry fruits and Yacon leaves. Hence, flavonoids and phenolic compounds of both crude drugs contributed to their antioxidant activity.
Development of Cinchonine Emulgel as a Topical Antibacterial using Response Surface Methodology Hariyanti Hariyanti; Uqie Shabrina Hasyyati; Shintia Lintang Charisma; Monika Wisda Herisman; Asmiyenti Djaliasrin Djalil; Aditya Singgih Raharjo; Salsabila Nasywa Artamevia; Rika Rakhmania; Afshana Awaliah Rahmadani
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 16, NUMBER 1, JUNE 2026
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Cinchonine has potential as a topical antibiotic with a mechanism of action that inhibits bacterial cell wall formation. Cinchonine is insoluble in water, resulting in poor penetration. The aim of the research was to develop a cinchonine emulgel formula using the Response Surface Method (D-optimal) as an antibacterial with parameters spreadability, adhesiveness, pH, and viscosity. The optimum cinchonine emulgel was determined based on the desirability value (range 0-1). The release test of cinchonine emulgel was carried out using a 12-14 kD cut-off dialysis bag. Cinchonine emulgel was tested for antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus by the diffusion method with a positive control and a negative control. The inhibition zone parameters were carried out with observation intervals of 18 and 24 hours. Stability test of the optimum formula was carried out by cycling test and accelerated method with test parameters including spreadability, adhesiveness, and pH. The optimum composition of cinchonine emulgel consisted of cinchonine 1.5; HPMC 2; glycerin 1; tween 80 4.99; propylene glycol 1.14; oleic acid 14.84; and deionized water up to 100% with a desirability value: 0.504, spreadability: 3.92±0.38cm; adhesiveness: 2.17±0.29 second, pH: 4.72±0.11; and viscosity: 12050±900.39cP (p<0.05). The release of cinchonine emulgel was 19.25% controlled. Observation of inhibition zone at 18 and 24 hours respectively for cinchonine emulgel preparation against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 7.68±0.14 and 6.50±0.37mm, Staphylococcus aureus was 10.47±0.37 and 10.36±0.69mm compared to control (gentamicin ointment: 18.15±0.90, and 16.99±1.61mm; blank control: 0.00±0.00, and 0.00±0.00mm). Cinchonine emulgel had good stability during short-term storage.
Co-Authors Aditya Singgih Raharjo Afshana Awaliah Rahmadani Alwani Hamad Asmiyenti Djaliasrin Djalil Denia Awanda Putri Dwi Hartanti Hariyanti Hariyanti Monika Wisda Herisman Rika Rakhmania Rizky Destya Sary Salsabila Nasywa Artamevia Uqie Shabrina Hasyyati Widya Agustina