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All Journal KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia
Widya Yeni Rawati
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

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Pengaruh dari Konsentrasi Elektrolit Tembaga Asetat-Asam Asetat dan Temperatur terhadap Efisiensi Arus pada Elektrodeposisi Baja Karbon Rendah dengan Tembaga: Effect of Electrolyte Concentration of Copper Acetic-Acetic Acid and Temperature on Current Efficiency in Electrodeposition of Low Carbon Steel with Copper Widya Yeni Rawati; Warsono; Sri Widarti
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 8 No. 3 (2022): December Edition
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i3.16023

Abstract

One example of an electrolysis practicum module at the Chemistry Laboratory is the plating of copper on low-carbon steel metal with cyanide as the electrolyte. This cyanide electrolyte is commonly known as Zonax Copper. Due to the dangerous cyanide content, a replacement electrolyte that is safe, cheap, and easy to obtain for student practicum scales is sought. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum temperature and composition of copper acetate-acetic acid as indicated by the largest current efficiency value. The composition of Cu-Acetate/Acetic Acid varied 0.2/0.4; 0.4/0.6; 0.6/1.2; 0.8/1.6, and 1/2 gram/250 mL. The coating process was carried out at temperatures of 30, 40, 45, 50, and 60oC with an electrodeposition time of 10 minutes. The results show that the highest current efficiency was found in the composition (CH3COO)2Cu/CH3COOH 1gram/ 2 ml, temperature 45℃ by 93%. The effect of temperature on current efficiency is in the form of a second-order polynomial with a correlation of research results >90%. The average maximum temperature is 42.68oC and the largest current efficiency is 96% at a concentration of (CH3COO)2Cu/CH3COOH 0.6 gr/1.2 ml. The current efficiency is directly proportional to the logarithmic concentration at temperatures of 30, 40, 45, and 50oC.
Effect of Column Diameter on the Performance of an Ion Exchange System in Reducing Water Hardness Widya Yeni Rawati; Sunardi; Sri Widarti; Sumarja; Muhammad Nur Alim
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2025): December Edition
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2025.v11.i2.17907

Abstract

Ion exchange is an effective method for removing hardness ions such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ from water, and its performance is strongly influenced by column design parameters. This study aims to evaluate the effect of column diameter on the efficiency of a sequentially operated cation–anion ion exchange system at a constant flow rate of 10 L/h. Six column diameters (20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 50 mm) were tested using synthetic solutions. The results showed that the 30 mm column achieved the highest ion-exchange performance, with a removal efficiency of 92.47%. This column also produced the most well-defined breakthrough curve, yielding an exchange capacity of 8.76 mg/g, equivalent to 0.437 meq/g for Ca2+ and 0.720 meq/g for Mg2+. These findings indicate that the 30 mm diameter provides an optimal balance between contact time and flow distribution, resulting in superior ion exchange efficiency.
Co-Authors Muhammad Nur Alim Sri Widarti Sumarja Sunardi Warsono