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All Journal SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology
Herry Wirianata
Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Institut Pertanian Stiper (Instiper), Yogyakarta
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Effect of water deficit of Ultisols, Entisols, Spodosols, and Histosols on oil palm productivity in Central Kalimantan Sukarman Sukarman; Akhmad R. Saidy; Gusti Rusmayadi; Dewi Erika Adriani; Septa Primananda; Suwardi Suwardi; Herry Wirianata; Cindy Diah Ayu Fitriana
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 19, No 2 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.65455

Abstract

The same rainfall can cause different degrees of water stress depending on soil type, so the production response shown by plants can be different. This study is essential for growers, especially in predicting oil palm production based on water deficit for each soil type. The study was conducted on oil palm plantations in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, with four soil types in 1,446.15 ha (40 blocks). The source of data collected from oil palm plantations included bunch number, average bunch weight, rainfall, and soil physical and chemical properties for the last 15 years (2007 - 2021). This experimental study used a two-stage cluster sampling method. The results showed that the best productivity, bunch number, and average bunch weight were found on Ultisols. The four soil types tested showed the same annual production distribution dynamic, but the response rate from each soil type showed differences. Entisols and Spodosols were more prone to drought stress due to water deficit than Ultisols and Histosols because of the differences in soil texture. Water deficit causes a decrease in oil palm productivity by 5 - 22% in the first year (Ultisols 12 - 22%; Entisols 12 - 22%; Spodosols 7 - 19%;  Histosols 5 - 15%) and 1 - 8% in the second year (Ultisols 3 - 7%; Entisols 2 - 4%; Spodosols 5 - 8%; Histosols 1 - 5%) compared to previous years production. A decrease in oil palm productivity occurs at 3 - 5 months (bunch failure phase), 1 year (abortion sensitive phase), and 2 - 2.5 years (sex differentiation phase) after a water deficit appears.
Mounding technique improves physiological performance and yield of oil palm on Spodosols Suwardi Suwardi; Lilik Sutiarso; Herry Wirianata; Andri Prima Nugroho; Iput Pradiko; Eko Noviandi Ginting; Nuzul Hijri Darlan; Muhdan Syarovy; Septa Primananda; Sukarman Sukarman
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 19, No 2 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.65460

Abstract

Spodosols have been widely used for oil palm plantations, specifically in Kalimantan, Indonesia. However, they are sub-optimal for agriculture due to a lack of water and nutrient-holding capacity and a spodic layer that limits plant root development. Therefore, proper agriculture practices are needed for oil palm to enhance its potential yield. This study aims to determine the effect of the mounding technique on the physiological performance and yield of oil palms in spodosol. The study location was well-managed, with eight blocks of oil palm plantations planted in 2008 on spodosols (Typic Haplohumod) in Central Kalimantan. The mounding technique was applied to four blocks of oil palm planted in 2015, while the remaining four were left without mounding. The parameters observed were soil moisture, transpiration, number of bunches, bunch weight, and yield. The results showed that the average moisture in the mounded soil was 4% greater than the control.  Additionally, the average daily transpiration of oil palm with the mounding was up to 2.30 mm day-1 or three times higher than the control.  The implication was that the average yield of oil palm increased from approximately 1.84 to 3.71 tons ha-1 year-1 compared to no-mounding treatments. Furthermore, the average yield was 19-66% higher than the block without the mounding application.
Co-Authors Akhmad Rizalli Saidy Andri Prima Nugroho Cindy Diah Ayu Fitriana Dewi Erika Adriani Eko Noviandi Ginting Gusti Rusmayadi Iput Pradiko Lilik Sutiarso Muhdan Syarovy Nuzul Hijri Darlan Septa Primananda Sukarman Sukarman Sukarman Sukarman Suwardi Suwardi