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All Journal Jurnal Pertahanan : Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism dan Integrity
Wirawan Hanindito Wicaksono
Sekolah Staf dan Komando TNI AL
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COSTLY-DEFENSE SYSTEMS VERSUS PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENTS: THE CASE OF SINGAPORE’S 1st GENERATION MILITARY BUILD-UP (THE 1960s-1980s) Wirawan Hanindito Wicaksono; Ruslan Arief
Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity Vol 8, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : The Republic of Indonesia Defense University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33172/jp.v8i3.1726

Abstract

Choosing a costly defense over an economically productive investment is always a nightmare for national policymakers. Despite the dilemma, Singapore came up as an anomaly with its decision in investing a remarkable amount of defense budget, reaching 4.5% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and ranging around 15-30% of its annual government spending and still succeeding in developing its economy, while some do not. Therefore, drawing from what happened in the early period of Singapore’s independence, this study aims to figure out how the country justified its decision to choose a costly defense investment over a productive investment during this period and how the Singapore government decided to spend almost 40% of its annual budget on defense. Through historical analysis and literature studies, this study finds that the decision to choose a costly defense investment over an economically productive investment is justifiable under specific circumstances: first, when a nation deals with threats that would cost the nation future and survivability; second, the ability to implement the policy effectively and efficiently; third, is the ability to set how much is enough, the top limit of defense investment; and fourth, the existence of potential economic benefits. 
Co-Authors RR. Ella Evrita Hestiandari