Popi Tuhulele, Popi
Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pattimura Ambon

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Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Tenaga Kerja Migran Menurut Hukum Internasional Matitakapa, Owen Agustio; Tuhulele, Popi; Waas, Armelia Febriyanti
PATTIMURA Law Study Review Vol 3 No 1 (2025): April 2025 PATTIMURA Law Study Review
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47268/palasrev.v3i1.19705

Abstract

This research examines international legal protection for Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) abroad, focusing on the implementation of the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (Migrant Convention 1990). The research background is based on the increasing complexity of Indonesian migrant worker issues, particularly since the economic crisis. Limited domestic job opportunities have driven an increasing number of Indonesian workers to migrate abroad to improve their quality of life. However, this phenomenon is not without various risks of rights violations, such as exploitation, forced labor, and physical violence experienced by migrant workers. The study aims to analyze the effectiveness of international and national legal frameworks in providing comprehensive protection for Indonesian Migrant Workers. The case study, such as Debby's experience in Malaysia, illustrates the complexity of problems faced by Indonesian Migrant Workers in destination countries. The research methodology employs a juridical-normative approach, examining various international legal instruments, national legislation, and the role of government institutions like the Indonesian Migrant Workers Protection Agency (BP2MI) and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in providing protection. The results of the study show that the 1990 Migrant Convention provides a comprehensive protection framework for the basic rights of migrant workers and their families as regulated in Articles 8 to 35. This protection includes the right to life, freedom from torture, freedom of expression, freedom of religion, and access to justice and legal aid. At the national level, Indonesia has adopted these protection principles through Law No. 18 of 2017, which provides a legal basis for the protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI). The protection mechanism can be carried out through bilateral diplomatic channels or by submitting cases to international courts if necessary.
Strategi Perang Menurut Hukum Humaniter Internasional: Legalkah Metode Blokade? Jazirah, Hardinna Putri; Tuhulele, Popi; Riry, Welly Angela
Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law Vol 3 No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/up.v3i3.19279

Abstract

This article discusses the legality of using the blockade method in armed conflict and its legal implications as a war strategy according to International Humanitarian Law. The purpose of this paper is to find out how the use of blockades of a legal nature and its implementation in accordance with Humanitarian Law.  As a method of war, blockade is often used in armed conflict to be a method that is not in accordance with international law sources because it can cause losses and casualties. In fact, there are many regulations governing the blockade including the Declaration of Paris 1856 which explains the effectiveness of the blockade, the Declaration of London 1909 which regulates the guarantee of the rights of neutral countries, the 1949 Geneva Conventions which also regulates provisions regarding the delivery of humanitarian aid during the blockade in conflict areas, the 1994 San Remo Manual which regulates the legal conditions for applying the blockade. In addition, this regulation is also often used by legal experts to express their opinions regarding the blockade so that it becomes the primary reference source for judges to find the law. Therefore, to complete the blockade provisions, the role of international organizations is needed to provide supervision, provide strict sanctions and the importance of state party commitments in implementing the blockade method.
Konsepsi Pengaturan Fosfor Putih Dalam Konflik Bersenjata Christopher Fallen, Andy; Anwar, Arman; Tuhulele, Popi
UNES Law Review Vol. 6 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Ekasakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31933/unesrev.v6i3.1853

Abstract

In October 2023, there were several white phosphorus explosions fired by Israeli forces in a military operation over the Gaza city port and two rural locations along the Israel-Lebanon border. Israel-Lebanon border. The use of White Phosphorus as a weapon is in practice very lethal and torturous to both combatants and civilians. However, there is no regulation that implicitly prohibits the use of White Phosphorus in armed conflicts, resulting in the parties to the conflict using White Phosphorus. armed conflict, resulting in the parties warring parties can the use of White Phosphorus freely and resulted in great torment for people exposed to sparks from white phosphorus. This writing uses normative research methods explorative research method, with the problem approach The approaches used are statutory, conceptual, historical, and case approaches. Sources of legal material in this writing are primary legal materials, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Technique technique of collecting legal materials using literature studies which are then analyzed qualitatively. qualitatively. From this research, it is concluded that based on the analysis Geneva Gas Protocol Conventional 1925, Chemical Weapons Convention of 1992, Protocol III of Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons 1980, the initial design of white phosphorus is not included in the categorization of white phosphorus. of white phosphorus is not included in the categorization of weapons in the three legal arrangements above. in the three legal arrangements above. However, based on reports related to the use of white phosphorus, two dangerous properties were found, namely, it contains toxic chemicals and causing burns. Based on the effects caused white phosphorus is ideally categorized as an incendiary weapon, supported by the opinion of the International Committee of Red Cross.