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All Journal Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum Jurnal Akta Nurani Hukum : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum UNTAG Law Review jurnal hukum das sollen GUYUB: Journal of Community Engagement Salwatuna: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business ISJOUST Journal of Creative Power and Ambition (JCPA) Abdimas Paspama
Mushafi, Mushafi
Universitas Nurul Jadid
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Legal Protection for Students Participating in Demonstrations: An Analysis of Law Number 9 of 1998 Concerning Freedom of Expressing Opinions in Public Muhammad Risqi; Mushafi Miftah
Journal of Creative Power and Ambition (JCPA) Vol. 4 No. 02 (2026): Journal of Creative Power and Ambition (JCPA)
Publisher : CV Edujavare Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70610/jcpa.v4i02.1881

Abstract

This study examines legal protection for students in exercising their right to express opinions in public under Law Number 9 of 1998 concerning Freedom of Expressing Opinions in Public, focusing on the reciprocal relationship between Articles 6 and 13 and the challenges of implementation in practice. This study employs a normative juridical method using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach, with the Corrupted Reformation movement presented as an empirical illustration. The findings indicate that Law Number 9 of 1998 establishes a reciprocal legal protection framework through three layers of mechanisms: the definitional and legitimizing layer under Articles 1 and 2; the balancing layer concerning rights and obligations under Articles 5, 6, and 8; and the procedural and sanction-based layer under Articles 9–11 and 15–18. Applying Lawrence M. Friedman's legal effectiveness theory, the study finds that the implementation of such protection continues to face challenges involving the legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture, which mutually reinforce one another. Consequently, normative legal protection cannot be effectively realized without simultaneous improvements across all three dimensions.
Co-Authors Adi Iskandar Athourrahman Athourrahman Eka Shanty Fitriyanti Emi Badriatur Rif’ah Faizah Nur Arifah Faqih Rizki.M Faridy Faridy Fitayatul Ilmiah Isyfina Choirunnisa Khoiron Mazidan Lailatu Nur Hasanah M. Nuzulul Quráni Malikal Bulqis Marzuki, Ismail Miftahul Jannah Muhammad Risqi Nanda Ismail Prasetya Yangga Syamsuri Syamsuri Wahyu Wildani Diasputra