Faisal Luqman Hakim, Faisal Luqman
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Pemungutan Pajak Bumi Dan Bangunan Oleh Pemerintah Kota Yogyakarta Kritik atas Peraturan Daerah Kota Yogyakarta Nomor 2 Tahun 2011) Hakim, Faisal Luqman
Asy-Syir'ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari'ah dan Hukum Vol 47 No 1 (2013)
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajish.v47i1.67

Abstract

Since the enactment of Law Number 28 Year 2009 voting Land and Building Tax (PBB), which is the authority of the central government turning to local authorities. So that local governments can levy the PBB must have a local regulation as its legal basis. Actually it is very potential to be able to provide improvements to the original income (PAD). Unfortunately, not all areas are ready to implement. From 492 existing local government, only about 245 local governments that already have a regulation of PBB, 64 local governments are still in the process and 183 local governments have not compiled at all. Local governments are already doing PBB since in 2011 only Surabaya City Government, then in 2012 increased 17 local governments (including the City of Yogyakarta), and in 2013 there are 113 local governments plan, and in 2014 there will be 117 local governments. To be able to pick up PBB Yogyakarta Government issued Regulation Number 2 of 2011, but the contents of this legislation still needs to be improved because there are chapters that give rise to many interpretations, there is also the use of the word/term is confusing and unclear, the inclusion of legislation as a basis law is no longer valid, and there is a conflict with the legislation higher. The articles need to be improved such as in the section 3 Given the points, then Article 1 paragraph 15, Article 1 paragraph 16, Article 1 paragraph 17, and Article 1 paragraph 18, Article 4, Article 16, Article 29, Article 34 , and Article 36.
A Loose Legal Protection: Women Consumers’ Losses in Digital Commerce Hakim, Faisal Luqman; Adi Sulistiyono; Suwadi, Pujiyono
Al-Ahwal: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ahwal.2025.18202

Abstract

The losses suffered by women consumers in the purchase of cosmetics and skincare products through e-commerce transactions have emerged as a critical legal issue amid the rapid expansion of digital commerce. This situation undermines public trust, particularly as women consumers often do not receive adequate legal protection due to unclear and fragmented regulatory frameworks. Examining the issue from its root causes, this study analyzes existing legal protection mechanisms for women consumers against negligence by cosmetic and skincare sellers in e-commerce transactions. The analysis draws on consumer complaints reported across various media platforms, responses from business actors, and legal actions undertaken by affected women consumers. Data were collected through documentation of printed and online media reports, court decisions, and in-depth interviews. The findings reveal that women consumers frequently suffer losses resulting from sellers’ negligence, including misleading product information, unsafe cosmetic products, and ineffective complaint-handling mechanisms. These losses are further exacerbated by the absence of clear and effective regulations governing consumer legal remedies. This article argues that the current legal framework has not yet provided optimal protection for women consumers in digital commerce. Accordingly, it recommends strengthening regulatory provisions on consumer remedies in a clearer and more concrete manner to ensure effective legal protection for women consumers in e-commerce transactions. [Kerugian yang dialami oleh konsumen perempuan dalam pembelian produk kosmetik dan perawatan kulit melalui transaksi e-commerce sering kali menjadi isu krusial seiring dengan pesatnya perkembangan perdagangan dalam dunia digital. Namun, kepercayaan publik terhadap trasaksi itu terlukai, terutama, karena konsumen perempuan kerap tidak memperoleh perlindungan hukum yang memadai akibat regulasi yang tidak jelas dan terfragmentasi. Dengan menelusuri akar permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini menganalisis mekanisme perlindungan hukum yang tersedia bagi konsumen perempuan terhadap kelalaian pelaku usaha kosmetik dan perawatan kulit dalam transaksi e-commerce. Analisis ini didasarkan pada pengaduan konsumen yang dilaporkan melalui berbagai platform media, tanggapan dari pelaku usaha, serta upaya hukum yang ditempuh oleh konsumen perempuan yang dirugikan. Data dikumpulkan melalui dokumentasi laporan media cetak dan daring, putusan pengadilan, serta wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsumen perempuan kerap mengalami kerugian akibat kelalaian pelaku usaha, antara lain berupa informasi produk yang menyesatkan, peredaran produk kosmetik yang tidak aman, serta mekanisme penanganan pengaduan yang tidak efektif. Kerugian tersebut semakin diperparah oleh ketiadaan pengaturan yang jelas dan efektif mengenai upaya hukum bagi konsumen. Artikel ini berpendapat bahwa kerangka hukum yang berlaku saat ini belum memberikan perlindungan yang optimal bagi konsumen perempuan dalam perdagangan digital. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan pengaturan hukum terkait mekanisme pemulihan hak konsumen secara lebih jelas dan konkret guna menjamin perlindungan hukum yang efektif bagi konsumen perempuan dalam transaksi e-commerce.]