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Analysis of Socio-Economic Determinants of Child Labour In North Eastern Nigeria Ibrahim Musa; Sule Magaji; Ahmad Mohammad Tsauni
Inclusive Society and Sustainability Studies Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): August Volume
Publisher : Research Synergy Foundation

This study examines major socio-economic determinants of child labour in North-Eastern Nigeria. The study employs multistage sampling techniques to obtain required data from selected local government areas in three states of North Eastern Nigeria, namely, Adamawa, Bauchi, and Yobe States. Structured questionnaires were administered to 810 children and their household heads in three wards of each local government area selected. The data obtained was analyzed using the Tobit Model. The result shows that socio-economic determinants of child labour comprise children’s age, children’s gender, children’s relationship with household head, household head’s education, household head’s occupation, and poverty, which is measured by household head’s income, family size, access to clean piped water, and distance from school. Among them, some were found to be statistically significant at varying levels. Therefore, the study recommends necessary actions such as enlightenment on the effects of child labour, severe punishment of those found involved in child labour related activities, and the need for the government to make adequate provision for basic infrastructure.

Poverty and Its Intractability: Causes and Consequences Ibrahim Musa; Sule Magaji; Chukwuemeka Ifegwu Eke; Oku Abdul-Malik Yakeen
Inclusive Society and Sustainability Studies Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): December Volume
Publisher : Research Synergy Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31098/issues.v2i2.1218

Poverty is a disease that continues to cause insecurity and other forms of social vices in a country, which in turn affects the growth and development of the nation. The increasing poverty rate, especially in Nigeria, has become a complex problem that has resulted in economic degradation, which must be immediately resolved. Therefore, this study examines poverty and its intractability in Nigeria: causes and consequences. The study analyzes the data using Ordinary Least Square methods. The data were obtained from Federal Reserve Economic Data and the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). The results indicate that the poverty rate will rise by 0.035375 and 2.564296 units, respectively, for every unit increase in population and unemployment (UMP). Besides, the result shows that a unit increase in the human development index (HDI) will lead to a -4.347621 decrease in the poverty rate in Nigeria. The framework affirms that poverty is an intractability in Nigeria. The study consequently suggests that the government, non-governmental organizations, and private citizens prioritize funding for human development and embrace a solid fiscal policy that will boost economic output and lower the country's degree of poverty.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EVIDENCE FROM ARDL MODELLING Ibrahim Musa; Sule Magaji; Ali Salisu; Achi O Peter
Indonesian Journal Of Business And Economics Vol 5, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Kuningan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25134/ijbe.v5i2.7261

ABSTRACTThis study examines the impact of financial inclusion on economic growth in Nigeria from 1986 to 2020. The Zivot-Andrew unit root test was used to examine the statistical characteristics of the data. The Zivot Andrew unit root test shows that while Automated Teller Machines and foreign direct investment are stationary at level, the gross domestic product, commercial bank branches, and phone-based transactions are stationary at first difference. Bound test for long run shows that there is long run relationship among the variables of interest. According to the Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) result, commercial bank branches in Nigeria have a short-term, positive, and significant impact on the country's gross domestic product. The Nigerian gross domestic product is negatively impacted by automated teller machines; however, this impact is negligible. The long run coefficient demonstrates positive and statistically significant influence of commercial bank branches on Nigeria's GDP. The Nigerian gross domestic product has positively and statistically significantly impacted by automated teller machines. Mobile phone-based transaction has positive and significant impact on gross domestic product in Nigeria. In Nigeria, foreign direct investment has a positive and statistically significant impact on GDP. Both in terms of sign and size, the error correction term (ECT) satisfies all theoretical and statistical requirements. The ECT coefficient is -0.522626 with a 5% level of significance. This shows that at 52.26 percent, the disequilibrium brought on by the shock in the years before is corrected to the long-term equilibrium in the present year. The Granger causality test demonstrates that while mobile phone-based transactions do not granger cause gross domestic product, commercial bank branches, automated teller machines, domestic depositors' money in banks, and foreign direct investment do. The studies recommend, the Central Bank of Nigeria should push commercial banks to increase the number of automated teller machines in each branch.Keywords: Financial inclusions, FDI, Economic growth ARDLJEL: P43.

Impact of Government Expenditure on Economic Growth in Nigeria: 1970-2020 Ibrahim Musa; Yahaya Ismail
International Journal of Management and Business Applied Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Asosiasi Dosen Peneliti Ilmu Ekonomi dan Bisnis Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54099/ijmba.v2i2.581

In this study, the impact of government expenditure on Nigeria's economic growth rate from 1970 to 2020 is analyzed. OLS was used to estimate the connection between the variables over the long run. The findings show a positive link between the Log of Gross Domestic Products (LGDP’s) log and its initial lag, which is statistically significant. The result reveals a positive association between the (LGDP) and the log of recurrent government expenditure (RGE), as well as between the (LGDP) and the log of first lag of recurrent government expenditure (RGE). A positive link exists between the (LGDP) and the log of capital government expenditure (CGE), but a negative relationship exists between the (LGDP) and the log of first (CGE). The link between the (LGDP) and the domestic debt of the federal government (LFGDD) is inverse, while the relationship between the logs of the first lag of the domestic debt of the federal government (LFGDD) is positive. The R2 determination coefficient is 0.698968. The outcome demonstrates that explanatory factors account for 70% of the variation in the (LGDP). The model is acceptable since the F-statistic 3595.905 with a probability of 0.000000 is significant at 1%. The long-term trend of the explanatory variables, which has increased since the year 1985, is linked to GDP. The outcome presented above also depicts the predicted short-run relationship. Therefore, it is recommended that government expenditure be examined and bolstered to have a positive impact on Nigeria's growth rates.

Government Policy Effects and Sustainable Entrepreneurship: Implications for Nigeria’s Economic Growth Ibrahim Musa
International Journal of Economics Development Research (IJEDR) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): International Journal of Economics Development Research (IJEDR)
Publisher : Yayasan Riset dan Pengembangan Intelektual

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37385/ijedr.v7i1.9922

This study examines the effects of government policies on sustainable entrepreneurship and their implications for economic growth in Nigeria. Recognising the strategic importance of sustainability-oriented enterprises in promoting long-term economic resilience, the study assesses how regulatory frameworks, fiscal incentives, institutional quality, and public investment shape entrepreneurial behaviour and business sustainability outcomes. Using annual time-series data from 1986 to 2022 and applying econometric techniques such as Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) analysis, and diagnostic tests, the research empirically evaluates the relationships among government policy variables, sustainable entrepreneurship indicators, and economic performance, measured by GDP growth. Findings reveal that supportive government policies, particularly tax incentives, regulatory reforms, and public investment in sustainable sectors, significantly enhance sustainable entrepreneurial activities and contribute positively to economic growth. Conversely, excessive regulatory burdens hinder entrepreneurship and slow economic expansion. Descriptive statistics further highlight uneven regional development across renewable energy investment, infrastructure, and human capital, which collectively influence entrepreneurial outcomes. The study underscores the critical role of coherent, well-implemented policies in promoting sustainable entrepreneurship as a pathway for economic diversification, innovation, and long-term growth in Nigeria. It concludes with policy recommendations to strengthen institutional capacity, improve regulatory efficiency, and expand sustainability-focused incentives.

Effects of Climate Change on Environmental Security among Vulnerable Groups in Zango Kataf Local Government Area of Kaduna State Ibrahim MUSA; Abiola Titus OLUSOLA; Sule MAGAJI
Loka: Journal Of Environmental Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Loka: Journal Of Environmental Sciences (April-June)-In Press
Publisher : PT. Keberlanjutan Strategis Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38142/ljes.v2i2.251

Purpose:This study explores the impacts of climate change on environmental security among vulnerable populations in the Zangon Kataf Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria.Methodology:Using a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected through a combination of structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and the analysis of secondary data sources. The area under study lies within a tropical grassland zone, which has witnessed notable climatic changes in recent decades, particularly concerning temperature and rainfall patterns.Findings:Findings reveal a steady increase in annual surface temperature, showing a 12% average rise between 1989 and 2022. At the same time, the annual rainfall in the region has been on a downward trend, decreasing by approximately 4.88% over the same period. These climatic changes pose significant challenges to environmental security in the area, especially for groups that are economically and socially vulnerable.Implication:The study emphasizes the urgent need for climate adaptation and mitigation strategies focused on these populations. Policy recommendations include climate-smart agriculture, awareness programs, and the provision of support systems to build resilience and enhance long-term environmental security in the face of ongoing climate change.

Linking Agricultural Development Policies and Performance on Nigeria’s Economic Growth Ibrahim MUSA; Yahaya ISMAIL; Sule MAGAJI
Loka: Journal Of Environmental Sciences Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Loka: Journal Of Environmental Sciences Loka: (January - March)-In Press
Publisher : PT. Keberlanjutan Strategis Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38142/ljes.v2i1.278

Purpose:This study links agricultural development policies and performance on Nigeria’s economic growth, utilizing a quasi-experimental research design and employing statistical techniques such as simple tables, percentages, correlation analyses, the Johansen Cointegration test, and the ARDL bound test.Methodology:Using 34 years of secondary data sourced from the National Bureau of Statistics and the Central Bank of Nigeria, the study finds that government spending, particularly capital expenditure, recurrent expenditure, and loans to farmers, has a positive and significant effect on agricultural output.Findings:Capital investment emerged as a critical driver of productivity, while recurrent expenditure showed an inconclusive impact, signaling the need for further investigation. The coefficient of determination (R² = 86.3%) underscores the robustness of the model in explaining variations in agricultural output.Implication:Based on these findings, the study recommends increased capital investment, improved access to agricultural loans, continuous evaluation of recurrent spending, policy stability, and enhanced research and data collection.

Impact of Climate Change on Human Security Among Vulnerable Indigenous Groups of Zangon Kataf Lga Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria Ibrahim MUSA; Abiola Titus OLUSOLA; Sule MAGAJI
Loka: Journal Of Environmental Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Loka: Journal Of Environmental Sciences (April-June)-In Press
Publisher : PT. Keberlanjutan Strategis Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38142/ljes.v2i2.285

Purpose:This study examines the effects of climate change on human security among vulnerable groups in Zango Kataf Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria. It assesses trends in temperature, rainfall, and surface soil wetness (1989–2022) and their impacts on economic, food, health, environmental, personal, community, and political security.Methodology:The study adopted the cross-sectional survey research design. The design is suitable for collecting data through sampling when the population is too large to be investigated, as in the case of vulnerable groups in the Zango Kataf Local Government Area of Kaduna State. A cross-sectional survey design was used, combining climate data analysis with questionnaires administered to 400 residents in Zonkwa, Gora, Kamantan, and Madakiya.Findings:Findings revealed a 12% increase in average surface temperature from 1989 to 2022, with December being the coolest (21.83°C) and March the warmest (29.13°C). Rainfall decreased over the study period, with December (4.68mm) and February (6.15mm) recording the lowest levels. Surface soil wetness peaked in September (0.85m³) and was lowest in March (0.242m³). Statistical analysis demonstrated significant impacts of climate change on economic security (χ²(20) =100.076, p<.001, Cramer's V=0.500) and food security (χ²(8) =34.148, p<.001, Phi=0.292). Other security dimensions, including health and environmental security, showed strong associations with climate change, with Cramer's V values ranging from 0.292 to 0.705 (p<.001).Implication:The study recommends establishing climate monitoring stations to collect real-time data on temperature, rainfall, and soil wetness. These data will aid in developing adaptive strategies and early warning systems, mitigating climate-related risks and enhancing the resilience of vulnerable populations.

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